Gene Expression and Regulation Flashcards
Inhibitors to know!!!
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/353/209/027/q_image_thumb.jpg?1628701169)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/353/209/027/a_image_thumb.png?1628701185)
process by which an enzyme system converts the genetic information in dsDNA into an RNA strand with a complementary base sequence
trancription
RNA synthesis does not require
a primer
mRNA in eukaryotes is synthesized by
RNA polymerase II
two or more upstream activating sequences
rho-independent terminators:
have a self-complementary region that forms a hairpin
have a conserved string of three A residues that are transcribed into U residues near the 3′ end of the hairpin
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/353/114/366/a_image_thumb.jpg?1628603649)
an array of proteins that work with Pol II form the active transcription complex
transcription factors
those required at every Pol II promoter
general transcription factors
Transcription factors are: (specificity)
tissue specific
gene specific
Enhancer Sequences
- may be long distances upstream or downstream of the start site
- must be on the same strand as the gene
- can be found within introns
- can affect transcription regardless of its orientation
Transcription Factor 3A protein has the motif
Zinc finger protein motif
= responsible for the synthesis of a transcript called pre-ribosomal RNA (or pre-rRNA)
RNA polymerase I (Pol I)
pre-rRNA contains the precursor for the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNAs
RNA polymerase II needs to have
TATA box binding protein and TFIID to transcribe
In Eukaryotes, the TATA box is necessary but not sufficient for strong promoter activity. Additional elements are located between -40 and -110
Termination of transcription in eukaryotes requires a
poly-a-addition signal (AAUAAA)
Processes and Possible Regulation
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/353/117/373/q_image_thumb.jpg?1628810444)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/353/117/373/a_image_thumb.jpg?1628810477)
nucleotidal transferase
does not require a template
Always present in constant amounts regardless of the metabolic state of the organism
Constitutive enzymes