Intro to Histology Flashcards
Each cell of skeletal muscle cells is called a
muscle fiber
Cardia muscle cells are smaller and form branching networks there are ______ per cell _______
one or two central nuclei; striation may be visible Cells are joined at ends by intercalated discs.
Line hollow organs
epithelial cells
contractile cells
muscle cells
communication cells
nerve cells
structural strength and defense
connective tissue
basic stain dye which stains acids purple (e.g. DNA and RNA)
hematoxylin
acidic dye which stains bases pink (most proteins)
eosin
Epithelia
Venules have simple squamous epithelium
Where do grandular secretion go?
Grandular secretion go into the lumen
the most prominent cell in connective tissue
fibroblast
Lining of all blood vessels
simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)
Thyroid follicles has what type of epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelim
The gall bladder and small intestine have this type of epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
function is to secrete or produce mucus that helps the food move down the lumen of the intestine much smoother
Goblet Cells
Low power view of the gall bladder
The lip has non-keratinized cells on which side?
oral side
keratinized on the skin side
stratified squamous epithelium
only two layers of cell, rare
stratified cuboidal epithelium or stratified columnar epithelium
looks stratified, but all cells touch the basal lamina
and only the tall cells reach the lumen
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- Ex: trachea
the esophagus has these type of epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on the lip (skin side)
Stratified cuboidal epithelium in mammary duct
Stratified columnar epithelium (sublingual duct)
Pseudostratified, Ciliated Columnar Epithelium (PCC)
In stratified epithelia, a transcription regulation protein called _____ induces the appearance of basal cells
p63
Deletion of p63 prevents the appearance of a stratified epithelium
Has transitional epithelium with surface cells that are large and have rounded tops
urinary bladder - urothelium
Each fiber has a diameter of about ______ and a length of _____
0.1 mm ; 10 mm
How to describe fiber nucleus number
fibers are multinucleated, lie next to the cell membrane on the periphery of each cell
smaller muscle cells that form branching networks
cardiac muscle cells; there are one or two central nuclei per cell striations may be visible
Cells are joined at ends by intercalated discs
small with tapering ends
smooth muscle cells ; one central nucleus per cell
Consists of neurons and their support cells (glia: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia)
Nervous tissue
Describe the nucleus of a nerve cell
large and pale with a dark nucleolus
clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
Nerve ganglia
one or more bundles of axons; each with a surroundingy perineurium
Peripheral nerves
each bundle of axons is solid and round, and contains axons with supporting _______ cells (in peripheral nervous system)
Schwann
In longitudinal section, nerves have a characteristic ______ appearance
“wavy”
Astrocytes (pale nuclei) ; Oligodendrocytes (dark nuclei)
Connective tissues are highly variable in _______ and ______
structure and function
Has more cells than fibers
Loose connective tissue (Fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in connective tissue)
More fibers than cells
Dense irregular connective tissue (DICT)
Found in tendon and ligaments; has fibers and cells aligned in one direction.
Dense regular connective tissue
has many fat storing cells
adipose tissues
has a round cell (chondrocytes) embedded in a solid, rubbery ECM
Cartilage
difficult to preserve well and the
chondrocytes often shrink or even fall out, leaving a hole behind. This hole is called a lacuna
Classification of surface epithelia
- Number of cell layers
- simple
- stratified
- Shape of cells at free surface
- squamous
- cuboid
- columnar
Part of neruons with no RNA
Axons
has a lot of small, red cells with no nuclei
blood
