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M1 > Biosynthesis and Cell Membranes > Flashcards

Biosynthesis and Cell Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Ribosomal proteins make up

A

50 proteins in large subunit 33 proteins in small subunit

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2
Q

rRNA make up

A
  • 5S, 5.8S, 28S for large subunit
  • 18S for small subunit
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3
Q

Decodes the codons in mRNA Bind the amino acid and deliver it to the growing polypeptide chain

A

tRNA

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4
Q

ribosomes without tag go where?

A

They stay in the cytoplasm as cytosolic protein

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5
Q

If the protein needs to go anywhere else besides nucleus, peroxisomes, or mitochondria, then it will need to go through to the

A

ER first and then if going elsewhere beyond the ER, will need further processing in the golgi

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6
Q

as the ribosome rRNA is translating mRNA into the protein, the nascent protein is simultaneously being translocated to the ER

A

co-translational translocation

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7
Q

What Gets Translocated?

A
  • ER Membrane and Soluble proteins
  • Golgi complex
  • Lysosomal Proteins
  • Plasma membrane proteins
  • Vesicular proteins
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8
Q

Players in co-translational translocation

A
  • SRP in cytosol
  • SRP receptor in ER membrane = places protein in translocon.
  • Translocon (channel) = opening to get into ER. Sec61 = is the translocon channel that receives the nascent protein.
    • Cleave Signal sequence = cleave so that it is free to leave the ER membrane
    • Elongation continues of the protein
    • Folded protein = final product
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9
Q

SRP binds ribosomes to a docking protein in

A

RER

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10
Q

Intergral membrane protein with amino terminus inside the lumen

Contain an N-terminal signal sequence that targets them to the ER and an internal hydrophobic sequence that is the hydrophobic alpha helix.

First part is just like that of a secretory protein cotranslational translocation

Hydrophobic residues stop transfer of the chain thru the translocon

Hydrophobic residues allow anchoring in phospholipid bilayer and lateral movement

A

Type I

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11
Q

Intergral membrane protein with carbohydrate terminus in the lumen

  • Do NOT have a cleavable N-terminal ER signal sequence
  • Posess an internal hydrophobic sequence which serves as both a signal and an anchor sequence
  • The carboxy end enters via co-translational translocation
A

Type II

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12
Q

multipass integral membrane protein

Each transmembrane region determines the topology and the signal and anchor sequences.

A

Type III

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13
Q

N-linked glycosylation happens in the RER due to what sugar?

A

Dolichol

to Asparagine

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14
Q

Protein export from the Golgi Stacks

A
  1. Protein cargo binds to membrane receptor
  2. Membrame receptor binds ADAPTIN
  3. Adaptin assembles a basket of CLATHRIN, which shapes the vesicle & attracts increasing amounts of cargo
  4. Coated vesicle leaves the Golgi
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15
Q

In vesicular budding the direction of trafficking depends on

A

coating (COP I or COP II)

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16
Q

coats vesicles transporting proteins from the cis-Golgi back to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and between Golgi compartments. This type of transport is termed as retrograde (backwards) transport.

A

COP I

17
Q

coats vesicles transporting proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi. This process is termed anterograde (forwards) transport.

A

COP II

18
Q

a coat protein with diverse functions. The most important functions are (1) endocytosis and vesicle trafficking to endosomes, which includes specialized endocytosis of fluids known as pinocytosis, as well as (2) vesicle transport to lysosomes.

A

Clathrin

19
Q

Lysosomal Enzymes Are Sorted to the Proper Destination Because They Are Attached to

A

Mannose-6-phosphate

20
Q

Has extensive RER

A

Plasma Cells

21
Q

Seals the translocon pore sec-61

A

BiB

22
Q

added to misfolded proteins (death tag)

A

Ubiquitin

23
Q

When misfolded proteins bind to BiP, this allows _______ to dimerize

A

IRE1

24
Q

Site of lipid synthesis

A

SER

25
Q

SER of liver cells contain enzyme (e.g., G6-P’ase), responsible for

A

glycogen synthesis

26
Q

Once inside the rER ______, _________ are cleaved and folded

A

cisterna, lumenal proteins

27
Q

Translation

A
28
Q

Proteins for rER Membrane Possess a

A

“stop” sequence

29
Q

Label the N and C ends of each integral membrane protein

A
30
Q

Coated vesicles move between:

A

rER and Golgi and between Golgi and Cell Membrane

M1 (48 decks)

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