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Inorganic and Organic Chemistry > Solubility of Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Solubility of Organic Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

each of these has a particular set of chemical properties that is to be identified

A

functional group

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2
Q

Chemical reactions that can be accompanied by

A

color changes
precipitation formation

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3
Q

can be classified in different families and class

A

organic compounds

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4
Q

The type of compounds soluble in a particular solvent are summarized on the following pages:

(5)

A

water-soluble compounds
5% sodium hydroxide soluble compounds
5% sodium bicarbonate soluble compounds
5% hydrochloric acid soluble compounds
96% sulfuric acid soluble compounds

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5
Q

three pieces of information that a solubility test can show

A
  • the presence of functional group
  • solubility leads to information about functional group present
  • can indicate presence of acidic functional group
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6
Q

homologous series of compounds, members with fewer than five carbons are ____

A

water soluble

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7
Q

higher homologs are (soluble/insoluble)

A

soluble

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8
Q

functional groups that are (away/near) the center increases water solubility

A

near

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9
Q

linear/chain branching increases water solublity

A

chain branching

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10
Q

its identity may be determined through quantitative analysis which include solubility characteristics and functional group test

A

organic compound

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11
Q

other physical properties that can be used with solubility (5)

A

melting point
boiling point
color
odor
spectral data

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12
Q

provide a general idea of the functional group as well as general characteristics of the sample

A

solubility of organic compounds

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13
Q

general classification that may be alcohols, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids with <5 atoms

A

A group

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14
Q

carboxylic acids with (more than/less than) 5 carbon atoms belongs to group A

A

less than

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15
Q

general classification may be carboxylic acids with >5 carbon atoms and phenols with electron withdrawing croups

A

class B1

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16
Q

carboxylic acids with (more than/less than) 5 carbon atoms belongs to group B1

A

more than

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17
Q

general characteristics may be phenols

A

class B2

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18
Q

classifications may be amines

A

class C

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19
Q

classification may be hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones with >5 carbon atoms

A

Class D

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20
Q

ketones with (more than/less than) 5 carbon atoms belongs to group D

A

more than

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21
Q

A compound that is soluble in water and the pH paper indicates higher than pH 8 are

A

low MW amines

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22
Q

A compound that is soluble in water and the pH paper indicates lower than pH 5 are

A

Lower MW carboxylic acids

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23
Q

A compound that is soluble in water and the pH paper indicates a pH of 5-8

A

Lower MW neutral compounds

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24
Q

identify the compound:

water - insoluble
2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - soluble
0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - soluble

A

carboxylic acids
some phenols

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25
Q

identify the compound:

water - insoluble
2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - soluble
0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble

A

most phenols

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26
Q

identify the compound:

water - insoluble
2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - insoluble
0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble
1.5M (5% Hydrochloric acid) - soluble

A

bases (amines)

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27
Q

identify the compound:

water - insoluble
2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - insoluble
0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble
1.5M (5% Hydrochloric acid) - insoluble
H2SO4 (96% Sulfuric acid) - soluble

A

very weak bases (esters, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes)

28
Q

identify the compound:

water - insoluble
2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - insoluble
0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble
1.5M (5% Hydrochloric acid) - insoluble
H2SO4 (96% Sulfuric acid) - insoluble

A

neutral compounds (alkane, alkyl halides, most aromatic hydrocarbons, aryl halides)

29
Q

state the amount of reagents needed

compound to be tested:

A

3 mg

30
Q

state the amount of reagents needed:

distilled water

A

3 mL

31
Q

state the amount of reagents needed:

5% NaOH

A

3 mL

32
Q

state the amount of reagents needed:

5% NaHCO3

A

3 mL

33
Q

state the amount of reagents needed:

HCl

A

3 mL

34
Q

__ dissolves ___

A

like dissolves like

35
Q

solubility depends on the ___ atoms

A

C atoms

36
Q

term for dissolved solid in a liquid

A

soluble

37
Q

term for undissolved solid in a liquid

A

insoluble

38
Q

term for dissolved liquid in a liquid

A

miscible

39
Q

term for undissolved liquid in liquid

A

immiscible

40
Q

what is compound 1 in the experiment

A

hexane

41
Q

what is compound 2 in the experiment

A

phenol

42
Q

what is compound 3 in the experiment

A

acetone

43
Q

what is compound 4 in the experiment

A

benzoic acid

44
Q

what is compound 5 in the experiment

A

diphenyl amine

45
Q

immiscible in H2O due to water being polar (partial positive charge on hydrogen, and partial negative on the oxygen atom) while the compound is nonpolar molecule
with a symmetrical distribution of charge

A

hexane

46
Q

also immiscible in H2O because water is polar and while this compound exhibit some polarity due to the presence of (-OH) the nonpolar aromatic benzene ring dominates its overall polarity

A

phenol

47
Q

immiscible in 5% NaOH due to the NaOH being a polar compound disassociating into constituent ions while this compound is nonpolar, lacking the necessary polarity to interact strongly with the hydroxide ions (OH-) in the NaOH solutions

A

hexane

48
Q

hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acidic solution that is immiscible with this compound because of its nonpolar nature making it incompatible with the polar nature of the hydrochloric acid. It cannot effectively interact or dissolve in the polar solvent.

A

hexane

49
Q

this compound belongs in the group D

A

hexane

50
Q

is immiscible in NaHCO3 is immiscible in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) primarily because phenol is more acidic than sodium bicarbonate, resulting in limited solubility and the formation of an insoluble phenolate salt.

A

phenol

51
Q

miscible in NaOH but not in NaHCO3

A

phenol

52
Q

this belongs in group B2.

A

phenol

53
Q

miscible to H2O due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Additionally, this compound is polar organic solvent that gives it a partial positive side on the carbon atom and partial negative charge on the oxygen atom

A

acetone

54
Q

belongs to group A

A

acetibe

55
Q

insoluble in H2O due to its low solubility from the combination of its molecular structure and intermolecular forces. The compound is a weak acid while water is a polar molecule wherein the nonpolar compound is not readily dissolved due to its hydrophobic nature.

A

benzoic acid

56
Q

soluble in NaOH and NAHCO3 due to the basic nature of NaOH and NAHCO3 reacting with the compound to form a water-soluble benzoate ion.

A

benzoic acid

57
Q

belong in group B1

A

benzoic acid

58
Q

determined as an organic base due to its insolubility in both H2O and NaOH while it is soluble in HCl.

A

diphenylamine

59
Q

soluble in HCl due to the formation of a water-soluble salt through acid-base reaction (aromatic amine in the compound react with the strong acid of HCl)

A

diphenylamine

60
Q

belong in group C

A

diphenylamine

61
Q

chemical equation for phenol and NaOH

A

C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5O + H2O

62
Q

chemical equation for acetone and water

A

H2O + C3H6O —> CO2 + H2

63
Q

Benzoic acid and NaOH

A


C6H5COOH + NaOH -> C6H5CO2Na + H2O

64
Q

benzoic acid and sodium bicarbonate

A

C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 -> C6H5COONa + CO2 + H2O

65
Q

Diphenylamine and HCl

A

C12H11N + HCl → C12H11NH+Cl-

Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (19 decks)

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