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Inorganic and Organic Chemistry > Solubility of Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Solubility of Organic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

each of these has a particular set of chemical properties that is to be identified

A

functional group

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2
Q

Chemical reactions that can be accompanied by

A

color changes
precipitation formation

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3
Q

can be classified in different families and class

A

organic compounds

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4
Q

The type of compounds soluble in a particular solvent are summarized on the following pages:

(5)

A

water-soluble compounds
5% sodium hydroxide soluble compounds
5% sodium bicarbonate soluble compounds
5% hydrochloric acid soluble compounds
96% sulfuric acid soluble compounds

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5
Q

three pieces of information that a solubility test can show

A
  • the presence of functional group
  • solubility leads to information about functional group present
  • can indicate presence of acidic functional group
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6
Q

homologous series of compounds, members with fewer than five carbons are ____

A

water soluble

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7
Q

higher homologs are (soluble/insoluble)

A

soluble

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8
Q

functional groups that are (away/near) the center increases water solubility

A

near

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9
Q

linear/chain branching increases water solublity

A

chain branching

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10
Q

its identity may be determined through quantitative analysis which include solubility characteristics and functional group test

A

organic compound

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11
Q

other physical properties that can be used with solubility (5)

A

melting point
boiling point
color
odor
spectral data

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12
Q

provide a general idea of the functional group as well as general characteristics of the sample

A

solubility of organic compounds

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13
Q

general classification that may be alcohols, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids with <5 atoms

A

A group

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14
Q

carboxylic acids with (more than/less than) 5 carbon atoms belongs to group A

A

less than

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15
Q

general classification may be carboxylic acids with >5 carbon atoms and phenols with electron withdrawing croups

A

class B1

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16
Q

carboxylic acids with (more than/less than) 5 carbon atoms belongs to group B1

A

more than

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17
Q

general characteristics may be phenols

A

class B2

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18
Q

classifications may be amines

A

class C

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19
Q

classification may be hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones with >5 carbon atoms

A

Class D

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20
Q

ketones with (more than/less than) 5 carbon atoms belongs to group D

A

more than

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21
Q

A compound that is soluble in water and the pH paper indicates higher than pH 8 are

A

low MW amines

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22
Q

A compound that is soluble in water and the pH paper indicates lower than pH 5 are

A

Lower MW carboxylic acids

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23
Q

A compound that is soluble in water and the pH paper indicates a pH of 5-8

A

Lower MW neutral compounds

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24
Q

identify the compound:

water - insoluble
2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - soluble
0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - soluble

A

carboxylic acids
some phenols

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25
identify the compound: water - insoluble 2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - soluble 0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble
most phenols
26
identify the compound: water - insoluble 2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - insoluble 0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble 1.5M (5% Hydrochloric acid) - soluble
bases (amines)
27
identify the compound: water - insoluble 2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - insoluble 0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble 1.5M (5% Hydrochloric acid) - insoluble H2SO4 (96% Sulfuric acid) - soluble
very weak bases (esters, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes)
28
identify the compound: water - insoluble 2.5 M NaOH (5% Sodium Hydroxide) - insoluble 0.6 M NaHCO3 (5% Sodium Bicarbonate) - insoluble 1.5M (5% Hydrochloric acid) - insoluble H2SO4 (96% Sulfuric acid) - insoluble
neutral compounds (alkane, alkyl halides, most aromatic hydrocarbons, aryl halides)
29
state the amount of reagents needed compound to be tested:
3 mg
30
state the amount of reagents needed: distilled water
3 mL
31
state the amount of reagents needed: 5% NaOH
3 mL
32
state the amount of reagents needed: 5% NaHCO3
3 mL
33
state the amount of reagents needed: HCl
3 mL
34
__ dissolves ___
like dissolves like
35
solubility depends on the ___ atoms
C atoms
36
term for dissolved solid in a liquid
soluble
37
term for undissolved solid in a liquid
insoluble
38
term for dissolved liquid in a liquid
miscible
39
term for undissolved liquid in liquid
immiscible
40
what is compound 1 in the experiment
hexane
41
what is compound 2 in the experiment
phenol
42
what is compound 3 in the experiment
acetone
43
what is compound 4 in the experiment
benzoic acid
44
what is compound 5 in the experiment
diphenyl amine
45
immiscible in H2O due to water being polar (partial positive charge on hydrogen, and partial negative on the oxygen atom) while the compound is nonpolar molecule with a symmetrical distribution of charge
hexane
46
also immiscible in H2O because water is polar and while this compound exhibit some polarity due to the presence of (-OH) the nonpolar aromatic benzene ring dominates its overall polarity
phenol
47
immiscible in 5% NaOH due to the NaOH being a polar compound disassociating into constituent ions while this compound is nonpolar, lacking the necessary polarity to interact strongly with the hydroxide ions (OH-) in the NaOH solutions
hexane
48
hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acidic solution that is immiscible with this compound because of its nonpolar nature making it incompatible with the polar nature of the hydrochloric acid. It cannot effectively interact or dissolve in the polar solvent.
hexane
49
this compound belongs in the group D
hexane
50
is immiscible in NaHCO3 is immiscible in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) primarily because phenol is more acidic than sodium bicarbonate, resulting in limited solubility and the formation of an insoluble phenolate salt.
phenol
51
miscible in NaOH but not in NaHCO3
phenol
52
this belongs in group B2.
phenol
53
miscible to H2O due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Additionally, this compound is polar organic solvent that gives it a partial positive side on the carbon atom and partial negative charge on the oxygen atom
acetone
54
belongs to group A
acetibe
55
insoluble in H2O due to its low solubility from the combination of its molecular structure and intermolecular forces. The compound is a weak acid while water is a polar molecule wherein the nonpolar compound is not readily dissolved due to its hydrophobic nature.
benzoic acid
56
soluble in NaOH and NAHCO3 due to the basic nature of NaOH and NAHCO3 reacting with the compound to form a water-soluble benzoate ion.
benzoic acid
57
belong in group B1
benzoic acid
58
determined as an organic base due to its insolubility in both H2O and NaOH while it is soluble in HCl.
diphenylamine
59
soluble in HCl due to the formation of a water-soluble salt through acid-base reaction (aromatic amine in the compound react with the strong acid of HCl)
diphenylamine
60
belong in group C
diphenylamine
61
chemical equation for phenol and NaOH
C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5O + H2O
62
chemical equation for acetone and water
H2O + C3H6O —> CO2 + H2
63
Benzoic acid and NaOH
 C6H5COOH + NaOH -> C6H5CO2Na + H2O
64
benzoic acid and sodium bicarbonate
C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 -> C6H5COONa + CO2 + H2O
65
Diphenylamine and HCl
 C12H11N + HCl → C12H11NH+Cl-

Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (19 decks)

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