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Inorganic and Organic Chemistry > Qualitative Test for Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Qualitative Test for Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbons – can be grouped into four structural classes

A

Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Aromatic hydrocarbon

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2
Q

test to distinguish different hydrocarbons:

A

Bayer’s Test
Br2 Test (light and dark)
Tollen’s Test
Sulfuric acid test

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3
Q

the experiment includes the generation of this

A

ethyne

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4
Q

used to determine the presence of ethyne

A

flammability test

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5
Q

oxidizes alkenes to geminal diols

A

dilute aqueous potassium permanganate

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6
Q

means two -OH groups

A

diol

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7
Q

OH groups on adjacent carbons

A

geminal

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8
Q

oxidized to geminal diketones

A

alkynes

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9
Q

in this reaction, the potassium permanganate is reduced to this of manganese dioxide

A

brown precipitate

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10
Q

what the potassium permanganate is reduced to

A

manganese dioxide

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11
Q

which solution is the potassium permanganate soluble in

A

water

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12
Q

neither water nor potassium permanganate is soluble in this

A

hydrocarbon

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13
Q

where the water and hydrocarbon reaction takes place and is somewhat slow

A

water-hydrocarbon interface

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14
Q

except cycloalkanes react with bromine

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons

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15
Q

these are the only hydrocarbons that is negative in br2 (dark)

A

alkane

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16
Q

hydrocarbons positive in Br2 (light)

A

all hydrocarbons

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17
Q

usually used as solvents because they are unreactive toward both bromine and hydrocarbons that have multiple bonds

A

cyclohexane/carbon tetrachloride/tetrachloromethane

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18
Q

undergo an addition reaction with bromine

A

alkenes and alkynes

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19
Q

its bond becomes a single bond and one bromine atom becomes bonded to each of the carbons that had shared the double bond

A

alkene

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20
Q

its bond undergoes addition becoming a single bond but the carbons that had been joined by the number of its bond will now hold two bromine atoms

A

alkyne

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21
Q

react with concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce alkyl sulfonic acid

A

alkenes

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22
Q

highly polar and is soluble in the polar sulfuric acid with sufficient stirring

A

alkyl sulfonic acid

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23
Q

not soluble in the polar concentrated sulfuric acid concentrated sulfuric acid, but dissolves as it reacts and the mixture is stirred

A

alkene

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24
Q

not capable of forming
hydrogen bonds, while the sulfuric
acid and the alkyl sulfonic can

A

alkene

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25
especially strong type of dipole-dipole attraction
hydrogen bonding
26
in order for the H-bonding to occur:
➢ one of the molecules must have a hydrogen (directly) bonded to a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen
27
will be strongly attached to a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen in another molecule
hydrogen
28
more reactive than saturated counterpart
unsaturated hydrocarbons
29
strong oxidative reagent that lead to the formation of alcohol for alkenes and carboxylic acid for alkynes
Bayer's reagent
30
weak oxidizing agent composed of ammoniacal silver nitrate
Tollen's reagent
31
Reacts with terminal alkynes to form silver alkyides
Tollen's reagent
32
addition of halide substituents like bromine
halogenation
33
Occurs via different mechanisms and extent with different hydrocarbons
halogenation
34
Materials and reagent needed (9)
➢ Hexane ➢ cyclohexene ➢ Calcium carbide ➢ Unknown hydrocarbon 1 ➢ Unknown hydrocarbon 2 ➢ Bromine in CCl4 ➢ Bayer’s reagent ➢ Distilled water ➢ Tollen’s reagent
35
Equipment needed (6)
➢ Pasteur pipettes ➢ Screw-capped test tubes ➢ Separatory funnel ➢ Distilling flask ➢ Iron ring and clamp ➢ Rubber tubing and pinchcock
36
are combustible, avoid skin contact and inhalation of vapour
hydrocarbons
37
its generation its highly exothermic
acetylene
38
has an explosive tendency when it forms alkylide precipitates
Tollen's reagent
39
Dilute with copious amount of water and dispose of it immediately
Tollen's reagent
40
5 drops of the following in separate test tubes:
➢ Hexane ➢ Cyclohexene ➢ Unknown hydrocarbon 1 ➢ Unknown hydrocarbon 2
41
procedures of bayer's test (2 steps)
➢ 5 drops of Bayer’s reagent to each sample ➢ Shake and observe
42
procedures of bromination (with light)
➢ Add 5 drops of bromine ➢ Shake and observe
43
procedures of bromination (without light)
➢ Wrap the test tube with paper ➢Add 5 drops of bromine and immediately place the sample in a dark place for 2 minutes ➢Observe
44
procedures of tollen's test
Add 5 drops of Tollen’s reagent Shake and observe
45
label the setup of acetylene generation
grade yourself accordingly
46
acetylene generation setup (4) steps
➢Add small increments of water to calcium carbide at a time to initiate formation ➢Collect acetylene into test tubes by inserting the end of the rubber tubbing and opening the pinchcock ➢When enough acetylene is collected, cap the tubes immediately ➢Observe any ensuing reaction
47
used to identify the presence of unsaturation (double or triple bonds) in hydrocarbon compounds
bayer's test
48
 Detects the presence of carbon-carbon double or triple bonds
bayer's test
49
bayer's reagent is a mixture of
concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
50
nitric acid
HNO3
51
sulfuric acid
H2SO4
52
the reaction between the reagent and hydrocarbon if unsaturation is present
reddish-brown color
53
Baeyer's reagent result if the solution is pinkish purple
negative (alkene and alkyne are absent)
54
Bayer's reagent solution discharges color and a brown sludge is formed
positive (alkene and alkyne are present)
55
color change in bayer’s test is because of this process in the unsaturated bonds in the hydrocarbon by the nitric acid reagent
oxidation
56
formed when the unsaturated bond react with the nitric acid that causes a rearrangement of electrons
nitro compound
57
result of bayer's test: Hexane – Cyclohexene – Acetylene –
Hexane – negative Cyclohexene – positive Acetylene – positive
58
result of br2 test (light)
all positive
59
result of br2 test (dark)
Alkane is negative in Br2
60
used to detect the presence of unsaturation, particularly carbon-carbon double or triple bonds
br2 test
61
Hydrocarbon is mixed with what in br2 test
bromine water
62
solution of bromine (Br2) dissolved in water
bromine water
63
reddish-brown liquid at room temperature
bromine
64
this result in br2 indicates a positive result for unsaturation in the hydrocarbon
colorless solution or color change
65
what color in br2 test for saturated carbons
orange colored
66
what color in br2 test for unsaturated carbons
colorless
67
Result for bromine water test (dark) Hexane – Cyclohexene – Acetylene –
Hexane – no reaction Cyclohexene – positive result Acetylene – positive result
68
Result for bromine water test (light) Hexane – Cyclohexene – Acetylene –
all positive
69
used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone
Tollen;s test
70
positive for tollen's test
dark grey precipitate or silver mirror
71
negative for tollen's test
no result
72
which hydrocarbon will be positive for tollen's
alkyne
73
involves the oxidation of unsaturated bonds in hydrocarbons by the nitric acid reagent
bayer's oxidation
74
refers to the reaction between a hydrocarbon and bromine (Br2) in the presence of light.
bromination
75
state the reaction between alkene and KMnO4 and H2O
grade yourself accordingly
76
used to detect aldehydes and distinguish them from ketones.
tollen's test
77
can be used to distinguish between an alkane and alkene/alkyne through the color test
bromine test
78
state the reaction between ethylene and bromine
grade yourself accordingly
79
state the reaction between aldehyde and tollen's reagent
grade yourself accordingly

Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (19 decks)

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