Organic Derivatives of Water Flashcards
1
Q
can be classified based on
the number of alkyl groups attached
to the carbon that contains the
hydroxyl group
A
alcohol
2
Q
react with various oxidizing agents
A
primary and secondary alcohol
3
Q
alcohols that are
unreactive, but most reactive to
nucleophilic substitution in Lucas
reagent
A
tertiary alcohol
4
Q
quite reactive
to nucleophilic substitution
A
secondary alcohol
5
Q
unreactive to
nucleophilic substitution
A
primary alcohol
6
Q
only oxidized only by the
strongest oxidative agents
A
phenol
7
Q
useful chemical
test for determining phenols from
alcohols
A
ferric chloride test
8
Q
generally unreactive as it
has a very stable bond
A
ethers
9
Q
organic derivatives of water include
A
hydroxyl
carbonyl
carboxyl
amine
ester
ether
thiol
10
Q
materials and reagent needed for test of organic derivatives of water
A
1-butanol
2-butanol
2-methyl-2-propanol
cyclohexanol
ethylene glycol
Phenol
2-napthtol
11
Q
Bayer’s reagent
A
KmnO4
12
Q
Sodium dichromate
A
Na2Cr2O7
13
Q
sulfuric acid
A
H2SO4
14
Q
reagents needed
A
lucas reagent
Bayer’s reagent
1.00M Sodium dichromate
Sulfuric acid
Ferric Chloride
Distilled Water
1.00M NaOH
Iodine solution
sodium metal
15
Q
equipment needed
A
Test tube
Pasteur pipettes
16
Q
corrosive substances used
A
phenol
conc. sulfuric acid
sodium dichromate
NaOH
17
Q
what to do
with corrosive substances
A
avoid skin contact
18
Q
its vapor is toxic, so
avoid inhalation
A
diethyl ether
19
Q
how many drops of the following are placed on separate dry test tube:
A
➢ 1-butanol
➢ 2-butanol
➢ 2-methyl-2-propanol
➢ Cyclohexanol
➢ Ethylene glycol
➢ Phenol
➢ 2-napthtol
20
Q
procedures of solubility in water
A
2 mL of distilled water
shake and observe
21
Q
procedures of acidic properties of alcohols (using sodium metal)
A
add a small piece of dry sodium metal
add 2 mL of each sample,
observe the rate of evolution of
hydrogen gas
22
Q
test for solubility in NaOh
A
5 drops of NaOH
shake and observe solubility
23
Q
Bayer’s oxidation
A
5 drops of Bayer’s reagent,
shake and observe
24
Q
chromic acid oxidation
A
add 5 mL of Na2Cr2O7
2 drops of conc. H2SO4,
and add 2 drops of sample, observe.
25
lucas test
add 2mL of Lucas reagent,
add sample,
seal the test tube
shake and observe reaction
26
ferric chloride test
add small amount of sample
add 1 mL of deionized water
and add several drops of 2.5 M aqueous ferric chloride solution
shake and observe reaction.
27
compounds tested that are soluble in water
1-butanol
2-methyl-2propanol
ethylene glycol
28
what bonds do 1- butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol and
ethylene glycol have with water
molecules
hydrogen bonds
29
where the water has a
slightly positive charge on this
hydrogen
30
where the water has a
slightly negative charge on these
oxygen
31
contains hydroxyl (-OH)
group, which is the functional group
responsible for its solubility in water,
the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl
group can form hydrogen bonds with
water molecules, allowing 1-butanol
to dissolve in water
1-butanol
32
contains a
hydroxyl group, enabling it to form
hydrogen bonds with water
molecules. The presence of a
branched alkyl group does not
significantly affect its solubility since
the hydroxyl group is the main
determining factor
2-methyl-2-propanol
33
- is a diol, meaning it
contains two hydroxyl groups. These
hydroxyl groups can also form
hydrogen bonds with water
molecules, facilitating its solubility.
Additionally, ethylene glycol has a
small molecular size, further
enhancing its solubility in water
ethylene glycol
34
not soluble in water
compared to other alcohols due to it
having a bulky cyclohexyl group attached to the hydroxyl (-OH)
functional group.
cyclohexanol
35
introduces a
significant nonpolar component to
the molecule, making it less
compatible with the polar nature of
water
cyclohexyl group
36
The nonpolar nature
of the cyclohexyl group makes this
more hydrophobic, or waterrepellent.
cyclohexanol
37
qualities that can influence solubility and insolubility in water
presence of polar functional groups
size and shape
hydrophobicity
38
results of acidic properties of alcohol using sodium metal
1-butanol - positive
2-butanol - positive
2-methyl-2-propanol - positive
39
is an organic compound
with a hydroxyl group bound to an
aliphatic carbon atom
alcohol
40
this character of alcohol is
revealed through its reactions with
active metals.
acidic
41
reason of acidity of
alcohol which decreases as the
electron density on the oxygen atom
increases
polarity of OH
42
primary alcohol that is
more acidic than secondary and
tertiary alcoho
1-butanol
43
exhibit a faster
reaction when combined with the
sodium metal and the evident release
of hydrogen gas
primary alcohol
44
in this, there is a
decrease in acidity strength due to
the addition of alkyl group on carbon
tertiary alcohol
45
result of chromic acid oxidation
1-butanol - positive
2-butanol - positive
2-methyl-2-propanol - negative
46
* To test the oxidation of alcohol, the
following are mixed together for the chromic oxidation test:
sodium dichromate (NaCr2O7)
sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
47
products on oxidation depend on the
type of alcohol:
primary
secondary
tertiary
48
tested positive in the chromic acid oxidation
due to the disappearance of the redorange color of chromic acid and the formation of a blue-green color of the Cr (III) ion
1-butanol, 2-butanol,
49
formed if a sample is positive in the chromic acid
oxidation
chromium (III) ion
50
as this oxidizes the C2O7 ions in the solution are reduced to chromium (III)
alcohol
51
showed resistance to oxidation by
to the oxidizing agent
2-methyl-2-propanol
52
- demonstrated by
the retention of the solution’s original
color in chromic acid oxidation
negative reaction
53
process where the
hydrogen atom in the -OH and the αhydrogen atom on the carbon atom to
which the -OH is attached are
removed to form a C=O bond
oxidation
54
does not contain an
α-hydrogen, the C=O cannot be
formed.
tertiary
55
- formed via the oxidation of
secondary alcohols
ketones
56
formed via the oxidation of primary alcohols
aldehyde
57
result of lucas test
1-butanol - negative
2-butanol - positive
2-methyl-2-propanol - positive
58
its reactivity determines
whether they are classified as
primary, secondary, or tertiary. This
is due to the substitution of a
hydroxyl group produced from the
provided alcohol in place of the
chloride (Cl-) in the zinc-chloride
bond.
Lucas test
59
after mixing the Lucas reagent with
this, a change of color from colorless
to slightly clear and white,
respectively, was seen.
2-butanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol
60
remains colorless (no
reaction) in Lucas test
1-butanol
61
the change of color of
the solution from clear to cloudy
suggests that this has been formed
and therefore indicates a positive
reaction for the Lucas test.
chloroalkane
62
- are the most
reactive to nucleophilic substitution
in the Lucas reagent
tertiary alcohol
63
are moderately
reactive in Lucas reagent
secondary alcohol
64
are unreactive in
Lucas reagent
primary alcohol
65
its
mechanism starts when the OH
group of alcohol is protonated by
hydrochloric acid
nucleophilic substitution
66
is a stronger
nucleophile than water (H₂O),
chlorine
67
formed in the
nucleophilic substitution in the Lucas
test
carbocation
68
immediately attacks
the carbocation in the lucas test
chloride anion
69
formed after the
chloride anion attacking the
carbocation
alkyl chloride
70
is insoluble, making the
solution murky
alkyl chloride
71
result of iodoform test
1-butanol - negative
2-butanol - positive
2-methyl-2-propanol - negative
72
is used to
differentiate the ability of primary,
secondary, and tertiary alcohols to
undergo oxidation and form a yellow
precipitate called iodoform (CHI3)
iodoform test
73
yellow precipitate that was
formed in the iodoform test
iodoform (CHI3)
74
sample that has visible
yellow precipitate
2-butanol
75
has no visible precipitate in the test
1-butanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol
76
did not show iodoform because of them lacking a
methyl ketone group next to the carbonyl
group
1-butanol
77
when iodine
(I2) was allowed to react with these
two compounds, it only produced a
colorless solution without any
precipitate.
1-butanol
78
the solution
turning into a yellow color without
any visible precipitate in it and thus
inferring that tertiary alcohols does
not give the iodoform reaction
2-methyl-2-propanol
79
- has shown a positive
result indicated by the cloudy yellow
precipitate seen in the test tube.
Unlike 1-butanol, this has a methyl
ketone group, which is essential for
the iodoform to occur.
2-butanol
80
result of ferric chloride test
phenol - positive
2-napthol - negative
81
are organic
substances that have an aromatic
ring and a hydroxyl group directly
connected
phenol
82
due to the phenol having
this, phenol reacts with ferric
chloride to produce colored
compounds
enol group
83
what the phenol group
interacts with to generate a colored
complex, which is violet in color
ferric ion
84
is created in the
ferric chloride test, , which results in
various colored water soluble
complex compounds, phenols react with ferric chloride solution to yield
blue, violet, or green coloring.
ferric phenoxide
85
this hue in ferric
chloride test suggest that it is
produced by ortho, meta, or paracresol with resorcinol
violet or blue
86
gives green color
beta-naphthol
87
- gives pink color.
alpha-naphthol
88
forms a
deep red colo
acetic acid and formic acid
89
demonstrated a
negative reaction, as seen by its clear
yellowish hue, ferric chlorideoriginal color.
2-naphthol
