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Inorganic and Organic Chemistry > Experiments of Carbonyl Compounds > Flashcards

Experiments of Carbonyl Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Generally referred to as derivatives of water:

A

alcohol
ether
phenol

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2
Q

readily donates the H bonded to O in the presence of a strong base or Na and K metal making them slightly acidic.

A

alcohol and phenol

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3
Q

more acidic than alcohol due to the resonance structures of phenoxide ion

A

phenol

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4
Q

can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary .

A

alcohol

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5
Q

has a general formula R-O-R, is less reactive compared to alcohol and phenol

A

ether

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6
Q

show the general formula of aldehyde and keton

A

grade yourself accordingly

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7
Q

draw the general formula of types of alcohol

A

grade yourself accordingly

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8
Q

are characterized by the presence of the carbonyl group -C=O

A

aldehyde and ketone

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9
Q

Both are polar compounds which explain their relatively higher melting and boiling points compared with hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight

A

aldehyde and ketone

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10
Q

Because of their polarity, these are both fairly soluble in water

A

aldehyde and ketone

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11
Q

test for the presence of aldehydes and ketones wherein both produce yellow crystalline derivatives

A

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test

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12
Q

can be used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones

A

oxidation reactions

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13
Q

are easily oxidized compared to ketones

A

aldehydes

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14
Q

resistant to oxidation

A

ketones

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15
Q

commonly used to determine the presence of aldehydes. The test uses silver nitrate and ammonia in water

A

Tollen’s test

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16
Q

containing methyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon can be determined using the iodoform test.

A

ketones

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17
Q

test used in experiments of carbonyl compounds

A

2,4-DNP
Tollen’s test
Iodoform Test
Jones Test

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18
Q

samples to be tested

A

Benzaldehyde
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-propanol
2-pentanone
3-pentanone
Cyclohexanone (not done in the video)

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19
Q

reagents used

A

Tollen’s reagent
10% NaOH
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
95% ethanol
I2 / KI solution
Chromic acid reagent

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20
Q

equipment needed

A

test tubes
pasteur pipettes
10mL graduated cylinder

21
Q

procedure for dinitrophenylhydrazine test

A

add 2 mL of ethanol to each test tube
add 5 drops of acetone to first test tube
add 5 drops of benzaldehyde to the second test tube
add 2 mL of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
shake and observe

22
Q
  1. Tollen’s test procedure
A

Place 5 mL (3mL) Tollen’s reagent in each test tube
Add 3-4 drops of formaldehyde to the first test tube, observe

Add 3-4 drops of Benzaldehyde to the second test tube, observe

Add 3-4 drops of acetone to third test tube, observe

If there’s no reaction, place test tubes in hot water bath for two minutes

23
Q

iodoform test procedures

A

Add 3 mL of 5% sodium hydroxide to each of the four test tubes

Add 10 drops of acetone to the first test tubes

Add 10 drops of 2-propanol to the second test tube

Add 10 drops of 2-pentanone to the third test tube

Add 10 drops of 3-pentanon to the third test tube

Add about 10 mL of iodine solution to each test tube and shake

24
Q

jones/chromic acid test

A

Place 1 mL acetaldehyde in a clean dry test tube
Add 4-5 drops of chromic acid solution agitating the test tube with each addition
Let stand for 10 minutes

25
Q

2,4 DNP result in Benzaldehyde and Acetone

A

All positive

26
Q

Tollens test result for Benzaldehyde, Acetone, and Formaldehyde

A

Benzaldehyde +
Acetone -
Formaldehyde +

27
Q

Iodoform test for Acetone, 2-propanol, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone

A

Acetone +
2-propanol +
2-pentanone +
3-pentanone -

28
Q

Results in 2,4-diphenylhydrazine test:

A

Benzaldehyde – positive
Acetone – positive

29
Q

used to identify the presence of carbonyl functional groups in organic compounds.

A

2,4-DNP test

30
Q

Detects aldehydes and ketones

A

2,4-DNP test

31
Q

precipitate formed in 2,4-DNP test when it is positive, confirming the presence of a carbonyl group

A

dinitrophenylhydrazone

32
Q

added to the mixture of 2,4-DNP and the compound to be tested

A

mild acid

33
Q

Results in Tollen’s test:

A

Benzaldehyde – negative (should be positive)
Acetone – negative
Formaldehyde – positive

34
Q

is a chemical test used to detect the presence of aldehydes in a given compound. It is named after its developer, Bernhard Tollens

A

tollen’s test

35
Q

if this is present, the mixture will undergo oxidation in the presence of Tollens’ reagent. This oxidation reaction converts the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid while simultaneously reducing the silver ions to metallic silver.

A

aldehyde

36
Q

what the aldehyde will turn into with the Tollen’s reagent

A

carboxylic acid

37
Q

do not give a positive Tollen’s test because they lack the active hydrogen atom required for the oxidation process.

A

ketones

38
Q

Iodoform test results:

A

Acetone – negative (should be positive)
2-propanol – positive (should be positive)
2-pentanone – negative (should be positive)
3-pentanone – negative

39
Q

used to identify compounds containing the CH3CO- (acetyl) group or compounds that can be oxidized to produce acetyl groups

A

iodoform test

40
Q

A small molecule made of two carbon, three hydrogen, and one oxygen atoms

A

acetyl group

41
Q

used to detect the presence of primary and secondary alcohols in a compound

A

Jones test

42
Q

what’s the composition of the Jones reagent

A

Chromic acid

43
Q

Jones reagent is prepared by dissolving this in aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

A

Chromium trioxide

44
Q

process in the Jones test to corresponding aldehydes or ketones

A

oxidation

45
Q

If these are present in the compound being tested, it will be oxidized by the Jones reagent.

A

primary and secondary

46
Q

primary alcohols are oxidized to this in Jones test

A

aldehydes

47
Q

secondary alcohols are oxidized to this in Jones test

A

ketones

48
Q

do not undergo oxidation under Jones test

A

tertiary alcohol

49
Q

ndicates a positive result in Jones test

A

green-colored complex

Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (19 decks)

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