Experiments of Carbonyl Compounds

Question 1

Generally referred to as derivatives of water:

Answer 1

alcohol
ether
phenol

Question 2

readily donates the H bonded to O in the presence of a strong base or Na and K metal making them slightly acidic.

Answer 2

alcohol and phenol

Question 3

more acidic than alcohol due to the resonance structures of phenoxide ion

Answer 3

phenol

Question 4

can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary .

Answer 4

alcohol

Question 5

has a general formula R-O-R, is less reactive compared to alcohol and phenol

Answer 5

ether

Question 6

show the general formula of aldehyde and keton

Answer 6

grade yourself accordingly

Question 7

draw the general formula of types of alcohol

Answer 7

grade yourself accordingly

Question 8

are characterized by the presence of the carbonyl group -C=O

Answer 8

aldehyde and ketone

Question 9

Both are polar compounds which explain their relatively higher melting and boiling points compared with hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight

Answer 9

aldehyde and ketone

Question 10

Because of their polarity, these are both fairly soluble in water

Answer 10

aldehyde and ketone

Question 11

test for the presence of aldehydes and ketones wherein both produce yellow crystalline derivatives

Answer 11

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test

Question 12

can be used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones

Answer 12

oxidation reactions

Question 13

are easily oxidized compared to ketones

Answer 13

aldehydes

Question 14

resistant to oxidation

Answer 14

ketones

Question 15

commonly used to determine the presence of aldehydes. The test uses silver nitrate and ammonia in water

Answer 15

Tollen’s test

Question 16

containing methyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon can be determined using the iodoform test.

Answer 16

ketones

Question 17

test used in experiments of carbonyl compounds

Answer 17

2,4-DNP
Tollen’s test
Iodoform Test
Jones Test

Question 18

samples to be tested

Answer 18

Benzaldehyde
Acetone
Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
2-propanol
2-pentanone
3-pentanone
Cyclohexanone (not done in the video)

Question 19

reagents used

Answer 19

Tollen’s reagent
10% NaOH
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
95% ethanol
I2 / KI solution
Chromic acid reagent

Question 20

equipment needed

Answer 20

test tubes
pasteur pipettes
10mL graduated cylinder

Question 21

procedure for dinitrophenylhydrazine test

Answer 21

add 2 mL of ethanol to each test tube
add 5 drops of acetone to first test tube
add 5 drops of benzaldehyde to the second test tube
add 2 mL of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
shake and observe

Question 22

2. Tollen’s test procedure

Answer 22

Place 5 mL (3mL) Tollen’s reagent in each test tube
Add 3-4 drops of formaldehyde to the first test tube, observe

Add 3-4 drops of Benzaldehyde to the second test tube, observe

Add 3-4 drops of acetone to third test tube, observe

If there’s no reaction, place test tubes in hot water bath for two minutes

Question 23

iodoform test procedures

Answer 23

Add 3 mL of 5% sodium hydroxide to each of the four test tubes

Add 10 drops of acetone to the first test tubes

Add 10 drops of 2-propanol to the second test tube

Add 10 drops of 2-pentanone to the third test tube

Add 10 drops of 3-pentanon to the third test tube

Add about 10 mL of iodine solution to each test tube and shake

Question 24

jones/chromic acid test

Answer 24

Place 1 mL acetaldehyde in a clean dry test tube
Add 4-5 drops of chromic acid solution agitating the test tube with each addition
Let stand for 10 minutes

Question 25

2,4 DNP result in Benzaldehyde and Acetone

Answer 25

All positive

Question 26

Tollens test result for Benzaldehyde, Acetone, and Formaldehyde

Answer 26

Benzaldehyde + Acetone - Formaldehyde +

Question 27

Iodoform test for Acetone, 2-propanol, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone

Answer 27

Acetone + 2-propanol + 2-pentanone + 3-pentanone -

Question 28

Results in 2,4-diphenylhydrazine test:

Answer 28

Benzaldehyde – positive Acetone – positive

Question 29

used to identify the presence of carbonyl functional groups in organic compounds.

Answer 29

2,4-DNP test

Question 30

Detects aldehydes and ketones

Answer 30

2,4-DNP test

Question 31

precipitate formed in 2,4-DNP test when it is positive, confirming the presence of a carbonyl group

Answer 31

dinitrophenylhydrazone

Question 32

added to the mixture of 2,4-DNP and the compound to be tested

Answer 32

mild acid

Question 33

Results in Tollen’s test:

Answer 33

Benzaldehyde – negative (should be positive) Acetone – negative Formaldehyde – positive

Question 34

is a chemical test used to detect the presence of aldehydes in a given compound. It is named after its developer, Bernhard Tollens

Answer 34

tollen's test

Question 35

if this is present, the mixture will undergo oxidation in the presence of Tollens' reagent. This oxidation reaction converts the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid while simultaneously reducing the silver ions to metallic silver.

Answer 35

aldehyde

Question 36

what the aldehyde will turn into with the Tollen’s reagent

Answer 36

carboxylic acid

Question 37

do not give a positive Tollen's test because they lack the active hydrogen atom required for the oxidation process.

Answer 37

ketones

Question 38

Iodoform test results:

Answer 38

Acetone – negative (should be positive) 2-propanol – positive (should be positive) 2-pentanone – negative (should be positive) 3-pentanone – negative

Question 39

used to identify compounds containing the CH3CO- (acetyl) group or compounds that can be oxidized to produce acetyl groups

Answer 39

iodoform test

Question 40

A small molecule made of two carbon, three hydrogen, and one oxygen atoms

Answer 40

acetyl group

Question 41

used to detect the presence of primary and secondary alcohols in a compound

Answer 41

Jones test

Question 42

what’s the composition of the Jones reagent

Answer 42

Chromic acid

Question 43

Jones reagent is prepared by dissolving this in aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Answer 43

Chromium trioxide

Question 44

process in the Jones test to corresponding aldehydes or ketones

Answer 44

oxidation

Question 45

If these are present in the compound being tested, it will be oxidized by the Jones reagent.

Answer 45

primary and secondary

Question 46

primary alcohols are oxidized to this in Jones test

Answer 46

aldehydes

Question 47

secondary alcohols are oxidized to this in Jones test

Answer 47

ketones

Question 48

do not undergo oxidation under Jones test

Answer 48

tertiary alcohol

Question 49

ndicates a positive result in Jones test

Answer 49

green-colored complex