SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS AND NETWORKING SYSTEM USED IN SEAGOING SHIP (FINALS) Flashcards
are software that starts the computer and keeps it running, performing basic system tasks
System software
System software includes:
- Basic Input/Output System
(BIOS) - Operating System (OS)
- Utility Programs
These programs perform system maintenance and protection tasks such as error correction and backup.
BIOS, OS, utility programs
is the built-in software on the motherboard that starts the computer.
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
It performs a power-on self-test (POST) at start-up – ensures that all the critical hardware devices are functioning properly (CPU, RAM, motherboard, etc.)
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
starts the computer at a basic level, but the operating system (OS) does the bulk of work to keep it running and to help users to accomplish tasks.
BIOS
provides the user interface (UI) that humans use to communicate commands and receive feedback
OS
communicates with hardware- instructing it to take action to accomplish tasks
o runs applications, and enables humans to interact with them
OS
controls and manages the file storage system
OS
Each _ is optimized for the hardware it runs on and the tasks the user is likely to want to perform.
OS
An _ can have either a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface (CLI).
OS
An operating system can be
single-user or multi-user.
only one user at a time typically uses a desktop PC with Windows installed
single-user
for server operating system such as UNIX, it is designed to support multiple users accessing them simultaneously (at the same time)
multi-user.
perform task (or set of tasks) that optimizes, repairs, or safeguards the computer or its data.
Utility software
Examples of utility programs:
Check Disk, Defragmenter, Antivirus program
programs designed to find and
remove viruses
Antivirus:
blocks programs that spies on users’ activities
Anti-spyware
- adware are malware that pops up unwanted ads
Anti-adware
blocks hackers from access
Firewall software:
rejects junk or spam mail
Anti-spam:
find and fix errors in the file system on a volum
Disk checking program:
find and fix inconsistent or unneeded entries in the registry (the main system configuration database)
Registry cleanup program:
removes installed software along with any associated files and registry entries
Uninstaller utility:
Each time you start your computer, a menu appears asking which OS you want to start up
Multi-boot:
Enables the creation of an entire virtual machine - allows installation of a virtual PC
- Virtualization:
is a software that enables you to perform a useful task on your computer.
Application software
Two of the most used application software are:
- Business Productivity Software
- Graphics Software
typically use a collection of applications known as an office suite to perform the most common tasks involved in their jobs:
Businesspeople
The most popular type of productivity software is the _
word processor
a type of program used to create text-based documents (DOCS).
word processor
Example: MS Word
word processor
For even more control over page layout (how objects on a page is organized), you can use a desktop publishing program, also called
page layout software.
- for casual home users
MS Publisher
- for professionals
Adobe InDesign
typically enables you to type directly on the page onscreen; it flows the text automatically based on the margins, indents, and number of columns
Word processing program
uses movable and resizable frames (or object containers) for everything, including text, that gives you more control over the precise positioning of each element/object
Desktop publishing
is used to analyze and present numeric data.
spreadsheet program
spreadsheet program Example:
MS Excel
is entered into cells in rows and columns.
Spreadsheet data
is a structured collection of data (e.g., inventory of a store, or collection of personal data) - - logically represented by a magnetic drum (or stack of disks).
database
makes calculations and extrapolates (extend)
information using combination of data and varying instruction sets
database program
database program Example:
DBMS (Database Management
System)
contains one or more tables, each of which contains records.
database
basic unit of information
Bits -
group of bits
Bytes -
group of bytes
Fields -
group of fields
Records -
group of records
Tables -
collection of tables
Files -
collection of files
Databases -
helps people stay organized by providing a way in performing personal tasks:
Management software
simplifies the entire process of managing a business’s finances
Accounting software
Accounting software Example:
QuickBooks
manages bank accounts, even investments and loans - - thus, tracking personal finances.
Personal finance software
Personal finance software Example:
Quicken
includes any application that enables you to create and manipulate visual images.
Graphics software
is created with math formulas - - plotting geometrical shapes in a 2-or 3-dimensional grid.
vector-based illustration
vector-based illustration Example:
Adobe Illustrator
Two main categories of graphic images:
vector and raster
, is one that’s composed of a grid of colored pixels (picture elements).
raster graphic, also called a bitmap image
Do not take up much disk space –information needed to display them is very simple and compact
Vector images
Can be resized to any size without any loss of quality - - the math formulas behind them are simply recalculated and the shape redrawn
Vector images
There are about _ colors possible
16 million
standard color depth is
24-bit:
bits for rgb
8 bits (individually)
Presentation graphics software enables you to create screen-sized slides containing a mixture of words and images that you can move through on demand as you deliver your presentation.
