SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS AND NETWORKING SYSTEM USED IN SEAGOING SHIP (PRELIM) Flashcards
is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program
computer.
It is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of solutions by combining integrated hardware and software components.
computer
The physical and tangible parts of the computer – sometimes referred to as computer equipment, devices, or peripherals
Hardware
Hardware is the
physical and tangible parts of the computer
The programs that contain instructions for the computer to follow, perform, or execute
Software
Software are
programs
Sometimes referred to as Information Processing Cycle
Computer Operations
Users enter data (or input) into the computer system
input
Data entered is processed and undergo operations.
process
Processed data is presented as information
output
Information is saved to be used later
storage
Information Processing Cycle
input, process, output, storage
major components of a computer system
CPU (ALU, Control unit, main memory)
control unit:
input unit, output unit
the main processor of the computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU) -
performs the arithmetic(mathematical) and logical (boolean, true/false) operations
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) -
the RAM where results from operations are stored
Memory -
devices used to enter data to the computer
Input -
devices used to display/print the result from operations
Output -
Computer Operations: five
Central Processing Unit (CPU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Memory, Input, Output
Advantages of UsingComputers
Speed, Reliability, Consistency, Storage, Communications
Computers process billions of operations in a second, or even faster
speed
Components of modern computers are dependable.
Reliability
Computers produce the same output, perform the same process, for the same set of (correct) inputs.
Consistency
Store enormous amounts of data and make this available
Storage
Can communicate with other computers (through communications networks)
Communications
Disadvantages of UsingComputers
Health Risks, Impact to Labor, Impact to Environment, Public Safety, Violation of Privacy
Use of computers for a long period of times has proven to cause some health risks.
Health Risks
Computers can perform repetitive tasks with high accuracy compared to humans
Impact to Labor
A challenge to the environment is the disposal of computer waste.
Impact to Environment
When wrong inputs are entered, thus, wrong results can cause catastrophe, especially to the general public
Public Safety
Computers can be used to monitor or track people’s activities.
Violation of Privacy
is the physical part of the computer system
hardware
consists of components inside a computer as well as the external devices that interact with it
hardware
it is designed for only one person to use at a time
personal computer or PC
Personal computers fall into several categories that are differentiated from another by their sizes:
Desktop PC, Notebook, Tablet, Smartphone
A computer designed to be used at a desk, and seldom moved
Desktop PC
This type of computer consists of a large metal box called system unit that contains most of the essential components.
Desktop PC
Desktop PC consists of a large metal box called _that contains most of the essential components.
system unit
it also has a monitor(computer screen), keyboard, and a mouse that all plug into the system unit
Desktop PC
A portable computer designed to fold up like a notebook for carrying
Notebook PC
the cover opens up to reveal a built-in screen, keyboard, and pointing device (touchpad, which substitutes for a mouse)
Notebook PC
This type of computer is sometimes called a laptop
Notebook PC
A smaller version of this is sometimes referred to as _
netbook (Internet book).
A portable computer that consists of a touch-sensitive display screen mounted on a plastic frame with a small computer inside.
Tablet PC
There is no built-in keyboard or pointing device; a software-based keyboard pops up onscreen when needed, and your finger sliding on the screen serves as the pointing device
Tablet PC
it can run computer applications and has Internet access capability
Smartphone
usually have a touch-sensitive screen, provide voice calls, text messaging, and Internet access
Smartphones
Many have a variety of location-aware app, such as a _
lobal positioning system (GPS) and mapping app
are designed to serve groups of people, from a small office to a huge international enterprise or company.
Multi-user computers
Multi-user computers, just like personal computers, have a number of types
Server, Mainframe, Supercomputer
A computer dedicated to serving and supporting a network, a group of network users, and/or their information needs
server
centrally accessible storage space for data
database server
share common devices like printers and scanners
print server
provide services such email _ and programs _
(mail server) and (application server)
A large and powerful computer capable of processing and storing large amounts of business data
Mainframe
is a large cabinet, or a series of cabinets, each about the size of a refrigerator
modern mainframe unit
are mostly used by corporations, government agencies, and banks – organizations that need a way to store large quantities of information
Mainframe
Mainframes are mostly used by
corporations, government agencies, and banks
organizations that need a way to store large quantities of information
corporations, government agencies, and banks
The largest and most powerful type of computer available, occupying large rooms and even entire floors of a building.
Supercomputer
are often employed in fields such as cryptanalysis (code-breaking), molecular modeling, weather forecasting, and climate mapping.
Supercomputer
Supercomputer are often employed in fields such as
cryptanalysis (code-breaking), molecular modeling, weather forecasting, and climate mapping.
are typically used in high-tech academic, governmental, and scientific research facilities
Supercomputers
Categories of Computers
Personal Computers, Multi-User Computers
types of Personal Computers
Desktop PC, Notebook PC, Tablet PC, Smartphone
types of Multi-User Computers
Server, Mainframe, Supercomputer
is a complete interconnected environment in which raw data – quantifiable facts and figures – is turned into useful information
information system
quantifiable facts and figures
raw data
An information system (IS) includes the following parts:
people, hardware, software, procedure, data, networks
Components of Information Systems
Networks, Hardware, Software/Apps, Procedures, Data, People
If you think about it, the only reason computers exist is to help _ accomplish their goals. Therefore, when planning an IS, it’s critical to understand what the _ hope to get out of it.
IS Components: People
The first step in planning an information system is to _
analyze the requirements of the people/user
When most people think of computers, they immediately think of
hardware
The hardware includes
circuit boards, input devices, output devices
with silicon chips and transistors mounted on them
circuit boards
(keyboard, mouse)
input devices
(monitors, printers)
output devices
a program that tells the hardware what to do
software
There are many levels of software, including:
Operating System, Application Software
software Operating System
(Windows, MacOS)
Application Software
(Word Processor -MS Word, Spreadsheet - MS Excel)
The software doesn’t run itself (usually).People must interact with the computer to tell it what software to run
IS Components: Procedures
You can learn procedures from the _ in the app, printed manual, from training, or by trial and error
online Help system
Computer programs operate upon the data they receive. Recall that raw data, after it has undergone some process, becomes information
IS Components: Data
The IS component that made it possible for independent computer systems to share data
IS Components: Networks
make it possible to share and transfer not just computer data, but a wide variety of information – including voice, video, and images
data communications networks
The _ of information comes from the _ it possesses:
value, characteristics
Critical Characteristics of Information
Availability, Accuracy, Authenticity, Confidentiality, Integrity, Utility, Possession
enables authorized users –persons or computer systems – to access information without interference or obstruction and to receive it in the required format
Availability
Information has _ when it is free from mistakes or errors and it has the value that the end user expects.
accuracy
(example) The information reflected in your checking account, bank account
accuracy
(example) Research libraries that allow researchers with valid identification
Availability
(example) Grades viewed online through the school management system
Availability
is the quality or state of being genuine or original, rather than a reproduction or fabrication.
Authenticity
(example) Receiving an important email
Authenticity
(example) Receiving a text message that you have been qualified for a prize
Authenticity
when it is protected from disclosure or exposure to unauthorized individuals or system
confidentiality
Ensures that only those with the rights and privileges to access information are able to do so
Confidentiality
Interdependent with other characteristics – closely related to privacy
Confidentiality
Example: employee throwing away a document with critical information
Confidentiality
when it is whole, complete, and uncorrupted
integrity
is threatened when information is exposed to corruption
integrity
look out for file unusual file size, file hashing, retransmission (done in data communications)
integrity
is the quality or state of having value for some purpose or end
utility
(example) Census data used by politicians during election period
utility
(example)Market share data used by competitors
utility
is the quality or state of ownership or control
possession
if one obtains it, independent of format or other characteristics
possession
(example) a copy of your approved insurance policy
possession
