Soft tissues of the neck (new book)

Question 1

how large is the parotid salivary gland

Answer 1

2cm thick and 20cm long

Question 2

An abnormality of which structure can result in guttural pouch tympani in foals?

Answer 2

Salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 3

Which vessel is most commonly affected in guttural pouch mycosis?

Answer 3

The internal carotid

Question 4

Which muscles can become avulsed resulting in haemorrhage into the guttural pouches?

Answer 4

Longs capitis ventralis and rectus capitis ventralis (rectus is more dorsal).

Question 5

What is the location of the mandibular salivary gland?

Answer 5

Medial to the parotid and lateral to the carotid and guttural pouch.

Question 6

What is the location of the parotid, medial and lateral retropharyngeal and the deep cervical cranial lymph nodes?

Answer 6

the parotid lymph node, located under the cranial aspect of the parotid salivary gland, the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (Figure 25.31), located on the dorsolateral aspect of the pharynx near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, the lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes (Figure 25.32), located along the lateral side of the guttural pouch ventral to the mandibular salivary gland, and, lastly, the deep cervical cranial lymph nodes (Figures 25.33, 25.34, and 25.35), located immediately rostral to the ramification of the external jugular vein.

Question 7

What is the location of the common carotid relative to the jugular and how do they differ in there content on US?

Answer 7

Carotid is deeper and more dorsal than the jugular and as the blood is flowing in the carotid and it being held of in the jugular, it is hypo echoic in the carotid and swirling and echoic in the jugular

Question 8

What are the strap muscles?

Answer 8

The sternohyoid (sternum to basihyoid) and sternothyroid (sternum to thyroid cartilage) muscles.

Question 9

Which muscles form the ventral medial and dorsal margins of the jugular groove and where do they go to and from?

Answer 9

The omohyoid muscle forms the medial border of the jugular groove; it originates at the subscapular fascia and inserts on the basihyoid bone. The sternocephalic muscle forms the ventral border of the jugular groove and extends from the sternum to the head. The brachiocephalic muscle forms the dorsal border of the jugular groove; it originates on the head of the humerus and inserts at the poll.