Head (new book) Flashcards
Which aspect of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint is narrower?
Rostral, therefore on the rostral US view the bones are closer together.
What are the standard views of the larynx?
. The standard views are rostrovental, midventral, caudoventral, and caudolateral. Although variation of all of these are used.
What is seen in the rostral view?
The lingual process of the basihyoid bone can be identified. The lingual process can be followed caudally to the body of the basihyoid bone and, by rotating the transducer in a more longitudinal orientation, the ceratohyoid bones may be visualized as two, flat hyperechoic structures that course in a dorsal direction.
What is seen in the mid-ventral view?
transducer should be positioned over the space between the basihyoid bone and thyroid cartilage. The caudal part of the basihyoid bone and rostral tip of the thyroid cartilage can be visual- ized at this location (Figure 10.9). Moving the trans- ducer off midline (paramedian) allows the insertion of the thyrohyoid muscles onto the abaxial aspect of the thyroid cartilage to be visualized.
What is seen on the caudoventral view?
transverse position on the ventral midline and move further caudally so that it overlies the crico- thyroid notch. The vocal folds can be visualized as paired, hyperechoic, circular/triangular structures (Figure 10.11). Air within the lumen of the rima glottidis casts an acoustic shadow between these structures.
What is seen in the caudolateral longitudinal view?
abaxial aspect of the larynx, the abaxial portions of the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages can be imaged (Figure 10.13). The cricoarytenoideus lateralis and vocalis mus- cles can be seen as roughly ovoid structures that lie deep to the thyroid and cricoid cartilages but superficial to the arytenoid cartilage.
What can be seen in the caudolateral transverse view?
Rotating the transducer into a transverse plane (Figure 10.14), enables the attachments of the cricoarytenoideus lateralis and vocalis muscles onto the bell-shaped contour of the arytenoid cartilage to be visualized. By moving the transducer more dorsally and angling the transducer slightly ventrally, the muscu- lar process of the arytenoid cartilage, cricoarytenoid articulation, and lateral portion of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle can be imaged in some individuals.
What is happening in this image?
Longitudinal ultrasound image of the right lateral larynx in a horse with a fourth branchial arch deformity. The transducer is centered over the abaxial aspects of the thyroid (TH) and cricoid (CR) cartilages. The right cricothyroid articulation is absent and there is an abnormally wide space between the two cartilages in which the right cricoarytenoideus lateralis (CAL) muscle is visualized
What is happening in this image?
Transverse ultrasound image of the lateral aspect of the larynx in a horse with arytenoid chondritis. The arytenoid cartilage (A) lies in the center of this image and is enlarged, has an irregular contour, and has increased echogenicity within its substance.
What is the location of the mandibular salivary gland?
The mandibular salivary glands can be imaged axial to the parotid salivary gland and abaxial to the ipsilateral guttural pouch
What is the location of the sublingual salivary gland?
The sublingual salivary glands lie superficial to the base and midbody of the tongue and can be imaged via a submandibular approach
What is the main differential for a swelling in the region of the false nostril of the horse?
Nasal atheroma (congenital cyst that become large only in adulthood and is filled with sebum).
