Mare reproductive abnormalities (new book) Flashcards
What disease processes are thought to predispose mare to develop anovulatory follicles
Metabolic diseases (PPID, EMS)
What is an anovulatory police and what times of year can they be normal?
Normal follicular development and rise of uterine oedema occurs but the police does not ovulate. It then will often luteinize and require administration of prostaglandins.
Can be normal in the spring and autumn transition periods.
What is the most common ovarian tumour?
Granulosa cell tumour
How does a mare with a GCT typically present and how are they diagnosed?
One ovary enlarged, the other small and inactive, abnormal mare behaviour. Eventually the mare will stop cycling but in the early stages she may still cycle in the other ovary and become pregnant.
Test: Hormone blood panel including inhibit amounts other things.
What is shown in this image and what is the consequence of this structure?
Paraovarian cyst - remnant of embryonic development. Usually inconsequential however they can be mis diagnosed as a dominant follicle. The are usually located between the tip of the uterine horn and the ovary.
What is an epithelia inclusion cyst?
They arise from the surface epithelium that lines the ovulation fossa and is taken up into the ovarian cortex during ovulation. These cystic structures are common in older mares. The effects on fertility are unknown but it is speculated that a large cyst or numerous cysts can obstruct the ovulation fossa, preventing release of the oocyte during ovulation.
Why do ovarian haematomas form?
Following a normal ovulation there is continued bleeding into the corpus haemoragicum which can become very large forming a haematoma.
Which stage of the oestrus cycle is fluid in the uterus always abnormal?
Diestrus.
What is post mating induced endometritis?
24 h post mating is is common for mare to accumulate inflammatory fluid in the uterus. Common tx are ecbolics, lavage and anti-inflammatories.
What are endometrial cyst and what is their consequence?
They are dilations of the lymphatics or endometrial glands and they can be up to 15cm in size but most are <3cm.
They mostly interfere with pregnancy diagnosis as they are indistinguishable on a single exam from pregnancy. However if re examined 2 days later a pregnancy should have grown and my also move in the uterus.
Cysts can interfere with the maintenance of pregnancy especially if the embryo implant near the cyst.
When should the normal endometrial cups (secondary corpora lutea) disappear/ be destroyed but the mare?
150 days, if they a re persistent they can result in erratic cyclicality.
Is uterine artery rupture always clinical?
In many instances the hemorrhage is sub-clinical. The first time the hemorrhage is noted is at the first repro- ductive examination after foaling. These abnormal structures can range from a large haematoma covering a uterine horn to identification of dilated uterine arteries.
What is show in the uterus indicated by the blue lines?
Mucus accumulation suggestive of endometritis.
What is show in this image near the uterus?
Dilated uterine artery containing clots suggestive of trauma during a previous foaling.
