Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > sodium and water balance > Flashcards

sodium and water balance Flashcards

1
Q

what secretes steroids?

A

adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what secretes ADH?

A

-posterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what effect does ADH have on peeing?

A

ADH makes you pee less (anti diuretic hormone) as it causes water to be reabsorbed into the renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what effect does increased ADH have?

A

it causes you to have a small volume of concentrated urine (high osmalarity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what effect does decreased ADH have?

A

it causes a large volume of dilute urine (low osmolality))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is urine concentration/ dilution measured?

A

using urine osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

does concentrated urine suggest high or low osmolality?

A

-high osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

does dilute urine suggest high or low osmolality?

A

low osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what controls sodium balance?

A

steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is mineralocorticoid activity?

A
  • the effect of steroids on Na+ balance

- this refers to Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules in exchange for K+/H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what steroids have mineralocorticoid activity?

A
  • aldosterone (the main one)

- other steroids such as cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what effect does too much mineralocorticoid activity have ?

A

-sodium gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what effect does too little mineralocorticoid activity have?

A

-sodium loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what causes a sodium concentration to be low?

A

-too little sodium or too high water concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is there more water intracellularly (inside cells) or extracellularly (outwith of cells)?

A

more water intracellularly (double)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is there more sodium intracellularly (inside cells) or extracellularly (outwith of cells)?

A

more sodium extraceullar due to less water extracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when you gain/lose water, which compartment does it go to?

A

loss/gain of water goes to the whole body (intracellular and extracellular compartments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when you gain/lose sodium, which compartment does it go to?

A

it only goes to the ECF (extracellular fluid compartment)

19
Q

if you lose sodium from the ECF what occurs to the water?

A

you lose water with it

20
Q

if you gain sodium from the ECF what occurs to the water?

A

you gain water with it

21
Q

what do the kidneys do if the blood volume is too high?

A

-kidneys will excrete sodium, causing water to go with it, decreasing blood volume

22
Q

what do the kidneys do if the blood volume is too low?

A

-kidneys will reabsorb sodium, reabsorbing water with it and increasing blood volume

23
Q

what effect does primary adrenal insufficiency have on sodium and water levels?

A
  • they can’t make the steroid hormones that control sodium balance
  • so will not reabsorb sodium from the kidneys as they would normally do
  • meaning you would lose sodium and water with it
24
Q

what affect does vomiting have on sodium/water levels?

A

-vomiting would make you lose sodium for gut and water along with it

25
Q

whats more common hypernatreamia due to too much water or due to too little sodium?

A

too much water

26
Q

are the changes or hyponatremia/hypernatraemia more dramatic in sodium loss/gain or water loss/gain?

A

sodium loss/gain as it is only lost/gained in ECF whereas water is lost from everywhere

27
Q

clinical signs of hyponatraemia due to too much sodium?

A
  • clinical dehydration
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • small volume concentrated urine
  • decreased skin elactisity
28
Q

clinical signs of hypernatraemia due to too much sodium?

A
  • clinical signs of extracellular fluid compartment
  • raised JVP
  • pleural effusion
  • ascites
  • bibasal crepitaitions
29
Q

clinical signs of hyponatraemia/ hypernatraemia due to water loss/excess?

A

not always obvious due to water loss occuring in both intracellular and extracellular compartments

30
Q

what causes hyponatramia due to sodium?

A
  • There may be Na+ loss in adrenal insufficiency losing sodium from kidneys
  • sodium lost from the gut due to vomiting/diarrhoea
  • it may be lost from the skin from third degree burns
31
Q

what causes hyponatramia due to water?

A
  • most common is decreased H20 excretion due to SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) where too much ADH is made
  • or increased intake of water from drinking too much
32
Q

what causes hypernatramia due to sodium?

A
  • if there is increased H20 loss in diabetes insipidus as ADH is disrupted
  • decreased H20 intake in very young or very old
33
Q

what causes hypernatramia due to water?

A

increase sodium intake from IV meds and near drowning

34
Q

what is treatmeant for hyponatraemia due to too little sodium?

A

-give sodium replacement

35
Q

what is treatmeant for hyponatraemia due to too much sodium?

A

remove sodium by giving loop diuretics

36
Q

how would water be removed in hyponatraemia?

A

-fluid restrict

37
Q

how would water be given in hypernatraemia?

A
  • give dextrose IV

- dextrose contains glucose so it can be metabolised in a controlled way and release H20 into the body

38
Q

what may a patient experience if sodium level is very high or very low?

A
  • altered consciousness
  • confusion
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • fitting
39
Q

what are the two kidns of stimuli for ADH release?

A
  • osmotic (in health)

- non osmotic (in disease)

40
Q

what are examples of non osmotic stimuli?

A
  • hypovolaemia
  • pain
  • nausea/vomiting
41
Q

what does an oedema suggest?

A

too much water in interstitial fluid

42
Q

does oedematous patient have too much water or sodium?

A

-too much water and sodium

43
Q

how is an oedematous patient treated?

A

with loop diuretics as it causes a loss of sodium and so also water

Endocrine (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions