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Endocrine > anatomy of the pituitary gland > Flashcards

anatomy of the pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

what are major hormone producing glands in the cranial cavity?

A
  • hypothalamus

- pituitary gland

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2
Q

where are major hormone producing glands in the neck?

A
  • thyroid gland

- four parathyroid glands

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3
Q

where are major hormones produced in the abdomen (retroperineum)?

A
  • pancreas

- two adrenal (suprarenal glands)

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4
Q

where are major hormones produced in the female pelvis?

A

-two ovaries in broad ligaments

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5
Q

where are major hormones produced in the male perienum?

A

two tested in scrotum

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6
Q

what hormone producing structure is highlighted blue?

A

thalamus

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7
Q

what hormone producing structure is highlighted blue?

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

what is the part of the brain highlighted light blue called?

A

diencephalon

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9
Q

what does the diencephalon contain?

A

the thalamus and hypothalamus

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10
Q

what is the diencephalon?

A

it is part of the brain that forms central core of the cerebrum with connections to right and left cerebral hemispheres and midbrain

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11
Q

how is the hypothalamus connected to the pituitary?

A

hypothalamus sits superiorly to the pituitary gland connected by infundibulum or ‘pituitary stalk’

(infundibulum=funnel)

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12
Q

how is the pituitary gland divided?

A

into anterior and posterior lobe

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13
Q

what is the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland also known as?

A

adenohypophysis

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14
Q

what makes up the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A
  • pars distalis
  • pars tuberalis
  • pars intermedia
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15
Q

what part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is labelled blue?

A

pars tuberalis

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16
Q

what part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is labelled blue?

A

pars distalis

17
Q

what part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is labelled blue?

A

pars intermiedia

18
Q

what is the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) responsible for?

A

Responsible for synthesis and release most pituitary hormones such as:

  • GH
  • TSH
  • ACTH
  • FSH
  • LH
  • PRL
19
Q

what is another name for the posterior lobe?

A

-neurohypophysis

20
Q

what makes up the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland / neurohypophysis?

A

pars nervosa

21
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland is an extension to the brain?

A

posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

22
Q

what is the role of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland/ neurohypophysis?

A

-release ADH and oxytocin which are synthesised in hypothalamus

23
Q

where is the pituitary gland located in the skull?

A

sella turcica

24
Q

where is the pituitary gland located in relation to the optic chiasma?

A

it lies immediately inferior to the optic chiasma

25
Q

what forms the optic chiasma?

A

the left and right optic nerves (CN II)

26
Q

what can occur to a patients eyesight if they have a pituitary tumour and why?

A
  • there may be midline compression of optic chiasma
  • this disrupts transmission of action potentials from nasal retina bilaterally
  • patient loses ability to see structures in temporal side of visual field bilaterally (bitemporal hemianopia)
27
Q

what are the two ways in which the pitruitary fossa may be reached during surgery?

A
  • transcranial approach (this is done subfrontal- inferior to frontal lobe)
  • transsphenoidal approach (via nasal cavities and sphenoid sinus)
28
Q

what is highlighted in blue?

A

left superior nasal concha (of ethmoid bone)

29
Q

what is highlighted in blue?

A

left middle nasal concha (of ethmoid bone)

30
Q

what is highlighted in blue?

A

left inferior nasal concha

31
Q

what is highlighted in blue?

A

pituitary gland

32
Q

what is highlighted in blue?

A

optic chiasma

33
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A

air filled spaces within bones surrounding nasal cavities

34
Q

what are some examples of paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal sinuses (in frontal bone)
  • maxillary sinuses (in maxillae bone)
  • ethmoidal air spaced (in ethmoid bone)
  • sphenoid sinuses (in sphenoid bone)
35
Q

what lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

-mucus secreting respiratory mucosa

36
Q

what is the function of paranasal sinuses?

A
  • secrete mucus which drains into nasal cavities through ostia
  • reduce weight of skull
  • add resonance to voice
37
Q

what forms a roof over the pituitary fossa?

A

the diaphragm sellae

38
Q

what sinuses is the pituitary gland surrounded by?

A
  • cavernous sinus

- intercavernous sinus

39
Q

what arteries pass through the cavernous sinuses?

A

-internal carotid arteries

Endocrine (53 decks)

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