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Endocrine > anatomy of thyroid > Flashcards

anatomy of thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

external jugular vein

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2
Q

where is external jugular vein found?

A

within superficial fascia

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3
Q

what does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

-subclavian vein

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4
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

anterior jugular vein

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5
Q

where is the anterior jugular vein found?

A

within superficial fascia

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6
Q

what does the anterior jugular vein drain in to?

A

the external jugular vein

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7
Q

what is highlighted blue (and what both the arrows are)?

A

sternocleidomastoid

top arrow=sternal head
bottom arrow= clavicular head

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8
Q

what does the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid attach to?

A

the sternal head attaches to the manubrium of the sternum and passes superiorly to attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone

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9
Q

what does the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid attach to?

A

it attaches to the medial end of the clavicle and passes superiorly to attach to the mastoid process of temporal bone

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10
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

trapezius (superior part)

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11
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

CN XI- spinal accessory nerve

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12
Q

what does CN XI (spinal accessory nerve) supply?

A

-sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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13
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

right platysma (in superficial fascia)

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14
Q

what group of muscles does the platysma belong to?

A

‘muscles of facial expression’

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15
Q

what is the platysma innervated by?

A

cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

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16
Q

what does investing fascia enclose?

A

encloses all other neck fascial compartments, encloses 2 pairs of muscles:

  • trapezius
  • sternocleidomastoid
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17
Q

what does the prevertebral (deep fascia) enclose?

A
  • postural neck muscles

- cervical vertebrae

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18
Q

what does the carotid sheath enclose?

A
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
  • vagus nerve
  • common carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
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19
Q

what does the pretracheal fascia enclose?

A
  • osophagus
  • trachea
  • thyroid gland
  • strap muscles
  • recurrent laryngeal nerves
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20
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted green?

A

investing fascia

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21
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted orange?

A

prevertebral (deep) fascia

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22
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted red?

A

carotid sheath

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23
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted purple?

A

pretracheal fascia

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24
Q

where are carotid sheaths located?

A

deep to investing fascia; located anterolaterally in neck posterolateral to thyroid gland

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25
Q

where do carotid sheaths attach to in the skull?

A

they attach superiorly to the base of the skull (around jugular foramen and entrance to carotid canal)

26
Q

what is found within each carotid sheath?

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • common, then internal carotid arteries
  • vagus nerve
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
27
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

thyroid gland

28
Q

what are the group of 4 muscles that cover the anterior part of the neck called?

A

the strap muscles

29
Q

what are the 4 strap muscles?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyroyoid
30
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

hyoid bone

31
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

thyroid cartilage

32
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

thyrohyoid muscle

33
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

sternothyroid muscle

34
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

omohyoid muscle

arrow above=superior belly
arrow below= inferior belly

35
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

sternohyoid muscle

36
Q

how does the thyroid gland develop in the embry?

A
  • begins development as a midline epithelial proliferation at junction between anterior two thirds (oral/horizontal part) and posterior one third (oropharyngeal/vertical part) of tongue
  • it then migrates inferiorly whilst remaining attached to the tongue via the thyroglassal duct
  • the gland reaches its final position in relation to larynx/trachea in 7th week of development
37
Q

what does the thyroid gland consist of?

A

-two lateral lobes and an isthmus (narrow connecting band)

38
Q

is it worrying if a patient presents with a pyramidal lobe in their thyroid?

A

no- it is normal but not everyone has it (prevalence of 28-55%)

39
Q

where does a pyramidal lobe usually originate from?

A

left lateral lobe

40
Q

what are the 4 glands called found on the thyroid?

A

4 parathyroid glands

41
Q

where are the 4 parathyroid glands found on the thyroid?

A

located on posterior surfaces of thyroid gland lateral lobes

42
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

external carotid artery

43
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

left common carotid artery

44
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

arch of the aorta

45
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

subclavian artery

46
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

inferior thyroid artery

47
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

superior thyroid artery

48
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

superior thyroid vein

49
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

middle thyroid vein

50
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

inferior thyroid vein

51
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

brachiocephalic vein

52
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

superior vena cava

53
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

internal jugular vein

54
Q

what are the lymphnodes highlighted yellow?

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

55
Q

what are the lymphnodes highlighted purple?

A

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

56
Q

what are the lymphnode highlighted red?

A

pretracheal node

57
Q

what are the lymphnodes highlighted green?

A

paratracheal nodes

58
Q

how is lymph returned from the lymph nodes in the thyroid gland?

A
  • lymph is returned via right lymphatic duct to right venous angle
  • lymph is returned via the thoracic duct to left venous angle
59
Q

how would a classical thyroidectomy incision be made?

A
  • either a ‘collar incision’ is made within the natural skin crease or in direction of Langer’s lines
  • inciscion should be just superior to clavicles and jugular notch
  • the inciscion is made through skin and platysma
60
Q

what would an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

-paralysis of vocal cord

61
Q

what would a unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

-hoarseness or weakness of voice and weak cough

62
Q

what would a bilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

-aphonia (inability to produce sound) and inability to close rima glottidis (opening between vocal cords), to prevent aspiration, or to produce good cough which requires close of rima glottidis

Endocrine (53 decks)

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