Sociology: Theories & Institutions

Question 1

Functionalism

Answer 1

Focuses on the function of each part of society.
Manifest Functions: Deliberate actions that serve to help
a given system.
Latent Functions: Unexpected, unintended, or
unrecognized consequences of manifest actions.

Question 2

Conflict Theory

Answer 2

Based on the works of Karl Marx. Conflict Theory focuses
on how power differentials are created and contribute to
maintaining social order. It explains how groups compete
for resources to attain power or superiority

Question 3

Conflict Sociology

Answer 3

The study of the way that distinct groups compete for

resources

Question 4

Symbolic

Interactionism:

Answer 4

The study of the ways individuals interact through a
shared understanding of words, gestures, and other
symbols. The “meaning” of social symbols

Question 5

Microsociology

Answer 5

The study of expressions, symbolic gestures, and other

small, individual components of a society

Question 6

Social

Constructionism

Answer 6

Explores the ways in which individuals and groups make
decisions to agree upon a given social reality. The
“value” they place on certain social constructs. Social
constructivism focuses on altering that constructed view

Question 7

Rational Choice

Theory

Answer 7

States that individuals will make decisions that maximize
benefit and minimize harm. Expectancy Theory applies
rational choice theory within groups.

Question 8

Feminist Theory

Answer 8

: Explores the ways in which one gender can be

subordinated.

Question 9

Social

Institutions

Answer 9

Well-established social structures that dictate certain

patterns of behavior or relationships.

Question 10

4 Tenets of

Medicine

Answer 10

Beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and

justice.