Problem Solving

Question 1

List the 4 types of problem solving.

Answer 1

Trial-and-Error
Algorithms
Deductive Reasoning: Form conclusions from rules.
Inductive Reasoning: Form conclusions from evidence

Question 2

What is a mental set?

Answer 2

A pattern of approach for a given problem

Question 3

Define functional fixedness, give an example.

Answer 3

The tendency to use objects only in the way they are
normally utilized. Creates barriers to problem-solving.

Example: You can’t think of any other ways a paper clip can be used except to hold paper together

Question 4

What are heuristics?

Answer 4

“Rules of Thumb”

Question 5

Define availability heuristic and give an example.

Answer 5

When we make our decisions based on how easily
similar instances can be imagined.

Example: You heard on the news the other day about a woman getting bit by a shark in the ocean and now you don’t want to go in any ocean because you are afraid of getting bit too even though the likelihood of getting bit by a shark is very small.

Question 6

What are confirmation bias? Give an example.

Answer 6

The tendency to focus on information that fits an
individual’s beliefs, while rejecting information that
goes against those beliefs.

Example: You believe the dangers of cigarettes and you only find evidence that supports that belief.

Question 7

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Answer 7

7 areas of intelligence: Linguistic, logicalmathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodilykinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapers