Motivation Flashcards
Define instinct theory. Give an example
People perform certain behaviors because of their
evolutionarily programmed instincts.
Define optimal arousal theory. Give an example
Optimal performance requires optimal arousal. Arousal levels that are too high or too low will impede performance.
Define primary drives. Give an example
Primary drives: related to biological processes
Ex. Hunger or thirst
Define secondary drives and give an example
Secondary drives: Stem from learning. Examples include money and social approval
Define drive reduction theory
Motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives,
which create uncomfortable internal states
List Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological, safety and security, love and belonging,
self-esteem, and self-actualization. Higher needs only
produce drives once lower needs are met
Self Determination Theory
Emphasizes 3 universal needs: autonomy, competence,
and relatedness.
Incentive Theory
Explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and
avoid punishments.
Expectancy-Value Theory
The amount of motivation for a task is based on the
expectation of success and the value of that success
Opponent Process Theory
Explains motivation for drug use: as drug use increases,
the body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and
uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.
House Money Effect
After a prior gain, people become more open to assuming
risk since the new money is not treated as one’s own.
Gambler’s Fallacy
If something happens more frequently than normal, it
will happen less frequently in the future, or vice versa
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Two people act out of their own self-interest, but if they
had cooperated, the result would have been even better.
