Learning

Question 1

Define habituation, give an example.

Answer 1

Becoming used to a stimulus. Birds are no longer scared by a scarecrow and continue to stay on it.

Question 2

Define dishabituation and give an example.

Answer 2

Dishabituation: When a 2nd stimulus intervenes causing a resensitization of
the original stimulus.

Example: birds are no longer scare of scarecrow and they rest on the scarecrow until they hear a loud gun shot, now they are scared of the scarecrow again.

Question 3

Define associative learning and give an example.

Answer 3

Pairing together stimuli / responses or behaviors /
consequences.

Example: Someone who has a habit of biting nails wears a clear coat of nail polish that has a nasty taste. Everytime you bite your nails you taste the nasty nail polish. You associate biting your nails with something negative

Question 4

Define Operant conditioning

Answer 4

Behavior is changed through the use of consequences.
Reinforcement: Increases likelihood of behavior.
Punishment: Decreases likelihood of behavior.
Schedule: The schedule of reinforcement can be based on
an amount of time or a ratio of behavior / reward, and can
be either fixed or variable.

Question 5

Define extinction

Answer 5

When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer

reinforced, it goes extinct.

Question 6

Define shaping

Answer 6

In operant conditioning, shaping is a when behavior that is

closer and closer to the target behavior is reinforced

Question 7

Define classical conditioning

Answer 7

With repetition, a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned

stimulus that produces a conditioned response.

Question 8

Define observational learning or modeling

Answer 8

The acquisition of behavior by watching others.