Sociology Test 4a Flashcards
demography
study of human population
fertility
incidence of childbearing in the country’s population
crude brith rate
number of live births given a year for every 1000 ppl in population
mortality
incidence of death in country’s population
life expectancy
average life span of country’s population
migration
movement of ppl into and out of special territory
sex ratio
number of males for every 100 females in nation’s population
malthusian theory
thought that population increase would lead to social chaos
demographic transition theory
thesis that links population patterns to a society’s level of technological development
- preindustrial: very slow
- early industrial: rapid
- mature industrial: slowing growth
- post industrial: very slow
ecology
study of interaction of living organisms and natural environment
ecosystem
system composed of interaction of all living organisms and their natural environment
environmental deficit
profound long-term harm to natural environment caused by humanity’s focus on short-term material affluence
global warming
rise in earth’s average temperature due to an increasing concentration of CO2
environmental racism
patterns of development that exposes poor ppl to environmental hazards
ecologically sustainable culture
way of life that meets the needs of present generation without threatening environmental legacy of future generations
