Sociology Test 3 Flashcards
gender stratification
unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women
Israeli Kibbutz
settlement where gender equality is a stated goal; share in both work and decision making
Margaret Mead’s Research
studied three societies
- found all ppl to be cooperative and sensitive (female)
- found all to be selfish and aggressive (male)
- found males and females, but roles were switched
George Murdock’s Research
study on larger scale and found that males and females assign roles reflecting their physical characteristics
matriarchy
a form of social organization in which females dominate males
patriarchy
a form of social organizations in which males dominate females
sexism
belief that one sex is innately superior to the other
gender shapes what?
human feelings, thoughts and actions
womens traits?
emotional, passive and cooperative
mens traits?
rational, active and competitive
gender roles
attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex
pink-collar jobs
administrative and secretaries
glass ceiling
barrier that blocks women’s ability to succeed and move up in corporate world
for every dollar a man makes, a women makes only….
77 cents
Why do women make less?
- type of work they do
- give more responsibility of parenting to women
- discrimination against women, glass ceiling
intersection theory
analysis of interplay of race, class and gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage
violence against women
- abuse of women is built into our way of life
- men try to dominate women
- female circumcision
sexual harassment
comments, gestures or physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated and unwelcome
structural functional approach to gender
serves as means to organize social life, socialization
symbolic interaction approach to gender
affects everyday interaction in a number of ways, sex roles
society conflict approach to gender
involves differences not just in behavior but in power too
feminism
support of social equality for women and men in opposition to patriarchy and sexism
basic beliefs of feminism
working to increase equality expanding human choice eliminating gender stratification ending sexual violence promoting sexual freedom
types of feminism
liberal
socialist
radical
liberal feminist
individuals should be free to develop own talents and pursue own interests
socialist feminist
change classic family roles by social revolution that creates state-centered economy to meet needs of all
radical feminist
society must eliminate gender itself, gender-free society
types of female circumcision
clitorectomy excision modified infibulation infibulation or pharaonic circumcision - diminish sexual enhancement
clitorectomy
removal of clitoris
excision
removal of clitoris and part of the smaller lips
modified infibulation
removal of clitoris, all smaller lips and part of the bigger lips
infibulation of pharaonic circumcision
removal of everything, little hole left to pee
ritual/symbolic circumcisions
done for religious purposes, no cutting involved rather there is pricking, piercing, cauterizing
enhancement of female sexualtiy
reasons for circumcision
- way for men to gain mastery of women’s sexuality
- aesthetically pleasing
- religion
Janet Lever
looked at how girls and boys play
girls-cooperation
boys-competition
Gilligan
moral reasoning
boys- rules
girls- responsibility to others
what percentage of people in the US beliece that porn causes men to rape due to increased sexual tension and belief that women are sexual beings?
50
