Bio Test 2b Flashcards
What activates a G-protein to membrane-bound enzymes?
adenylyl cyclase
phospholipase
process of activating G-protein by adenylyl cyclase
- activates by adenylyl cyclase
- ATP amplifies it and creates cyclic AMP
- cyclic amp activates intracellular protein PKA
- goes through membrane of nucleus
- then activates DNA for transcription
AMP
adenoscene monophosphate
process of activating G-protein by phospholipase
- first G-protein is signaled by signal molecule through the transmembrane protein
- the activated phospholipase travels to the phosphatidylinositol (IP3)
- the IP3 then travels to ER or travels to a DAG
- if to ER, activates the Ca+2 channel to open and travel to activated PKC
- if to DAG, activates the PKC
PKA
protein kinase A
PKC
protein kinase C
secondary messengers
relay messages from receptors to target proteins
- two most widely used: cAMP and Ca+2
- cAMP: made by adenylyl cyclase
- Ca+2: released from ER to IP3
G-protein coupled receptors could act indirectly on…
enzymes
ion channels
RTK
receptor tyrosine kinase
enzyme-coupled receptors typically equip what enzyme?
Kinase
enzyme-coupled receptors binding of ligand triggers what of receptors?
dimerization
phosphorylation
Phosphorylated sites are bound by what kind of proteins in enzyme-coupled receptors?
intracellular signaling proteins
enzyme-coupled receptors are involved in what?
cell proliferation
cell differentiation
death
enzyme-coupled receptors
- need two to function
- receptors that are also enzymes
- binding activates adaptor proteins
what is ras?
- rat sarcome
- name of gene
- a GTP-binding protein
- oncogen (cancer causing gene)
