Socioemotional Development in Middle & Late Childhood

Question 1

Self understanding

Answer 1

Children increasingly describe themselves with psychological traits

• become more likely to recognize social aspects
• Comparisons between self and others

Question 2

Self-esteem

Answer 2

global evaluation of the self, self-worth self image

-doesn’t always represent reality

Question 3

Self-concept

Answer 3

Domain specific evaluation of the self

Question 4

High self esteem

Answer 4

do not necessarily perform better in school

-Have greater initiative (positive and negative)

Question 5

Increasing self-esteem

Answer 5

• Identify the causes of low self-esteem
• Provide emotional support and social approval
• Help children achieve
• Help children cope

Question 6

Perspective taking

Answer 6

Assuming perspectives of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings

Question 7

Self-efficacy

Answer 7

Belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes
-Influences students choices of activities

Question 8

Self-regulation

Answer 8

Deliberate efforts to manage once behavior, emotions, and thoughts that lead to increased social competence and achievement
-Advances in pre frontal cortex

Question 9

Industry

Answer 9

becoming interested in how things are made and work

• Encouraged: sense of industry increases
• “Mischief, making a mess”: inferiority in children

Question 10

Coping strategies

Answer 10

• Repeated reassurance of children’s security and safety
• Allowing children to retell story, patient and listening
• Encourage children to talk about disturbing or confusing feelings, confirm normality of feelings
• Protect from re-exposure
• Help make sense of what happened

Question 11

Kohlberg stages of moral develpoment

Answer 11

Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Question 12

Preconventional reasoning

Answer 12

Good or bad, no grey area

Question 13

Conventional reasoning

Answer 13

Apply certain standards to maintain a sense of order

Question 14

Postconventional reasoning

Answer 14

Universally best for everyone

Question 15

Kohlbergs critics

Answer 15

Link between moral thought and moral behavior

• role of culture and the family in moral development
• significance of concern for others
• Misses or misconstrues some moral concepts in particular cultures

Question 16

Prosocial behavior

Answer 16

emphasizes behavioral aspects of moral development

Question 17

Androgyny

Answer 17

Presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person

Question 18

Gender differences in prosocial behavior

Answer 18

• Females view themselves as more prosocial and empathetic

- Biggest gender difference occurs in sharing

Question 19

Carol Gilligan

Answer 19

Care perspective

Question 20

Developmental change

Answer 20

Size of peer group increases

-Until 12, same sex friend group

Question 21

Sociometric status

Answer 21

Describes extent to which children are liked or disliked by peers
-Neglected, rejected, controversial, popular, average

Question 22

Popular children

Answer 22

• Give out reinforcement
• listen carefully
• Maintain open lines of communication wit peers
• Are happy and control their negative emotion
• Show enthusiasm and concern for others
• Are self-confident without being conceited

Question 23

Social cognition

Answer 23

Thinking about social matters

Question 24

5 steps processing info

Answer 24

• Decode social cues
• interpret
• search for a response
• select best response
• enact it

Question 25

Friendship

Answer 25

Characterized by similarity

Question 26

Friendship six functions

Answer 26

• Companionship
• Stimulation
• Physical support
• Ego support
• social comparison
• affection and intimacy

Question 27

Intimacy in friendship

Answer 27

Characterized by self-disclosure and sharing private thoughts

Question 28

Changes in parent-child relationship

Answer 28

• Parents spend considerably less time with kids
• Parents support and stimulate academic achievement
• Children receive less physical discipline
• Use more self regulation

Question 29

Parents as managers

Answer 29

managers of children’s opportunities’, monitor kids behavior, social initiators and arrangers

Question 30

Stepfamilies common types

Answer 30

Stepfather, stepmother, blended

Question 31

Stepfamily relationship

Answer 31

children often have better relationship with their custodial parents

Question 32

Five peer statuses

Answer 32

Popular, average, rejected, neglected, contriversial

Question 33

Bullying

Answer 33

Verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful

• cyberbullying
• Boys more likely to physically bully and girls more likely to verbally bully

Question 34

Companionship

Answer 34

Friendship provides children with familiar partner and play mate, someone willing to spend time with them

Question 35

Social comparison

Answer 35

provides information of where the child stands in relation to others

Question 36

Intimacy/affection

Answer 36

Friendship provides children with warm, close, trusting relationship

Question 37

Ego support

Answer 37

Provides expectation of support, encouragement and feedback which helps children maintain an impression of themselves as worthwhile individuals

Question 38

Physical support

Answer 38

provides time, resources and assistance

Question 39

Constructivist

Answer 39

learner centered, emphasizes importance of actively constructing knowledge and understanding with guidance from teacher

Question 40

Direct instruction

Answer 40

teacher centered approach, teacher direction and control with high expectation of students progress