Socioemotional Development in Middle & Late Childhood Flashcards
Self understanding
Children increasingly describe themselves with psychological traits
- become more likely to recognize social aspects
- Comparisons between self and others
Self-esteem
global evaluation of the self, self-worth self image
-doesn’t always represent reality
Self-concept
Domain specific evaluation of the self
High self esteem
do not necessarily perform better in school
-Have greater initiative (positive and negative)
Increasing self-esteem
- Identify the causes of low self-esteem
- Provide emotional support and social approval
- Help children achieve
- Help children cope
Perspective taking
Assuming perspectives of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings
Self-efficacy
Belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes
-Influences students choices of activities
Self-regulation
Deliberate efforts to manage once behavior, emotions, and thoughts that lead to increased social competence and achievement
-Advances in pre frontal cortex
Industry
becoming interested in how things are made and work
- Encouraged: sense of industry increases
- “Mischief, making a mess”: inferiority in children
Coping strategies
- Repeated reassurance of children’s security and safety
- Allowing children to retell story, patient and listening
- Encourage children to talk about disturbing or confusing feelings, confirm normality of feelings
- Protect from re-exposure
- Help make sense of what happened
Kohlberg stages of moral develpoment
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Preconventional reasoning
Good or bad, no grey area
Conventional reasoning
Apply certain standards to maintain a sense of order
Postconventional reasoning
Universally best for everyone
Kohlbergs critics
Link between moral thought and moral behavior
- role of culture and the family in moral development
- significance of concern for others
- Misses or misconstrues some moral concepts in particular cultures
Prosocial behavior
emphasizes behavioral aspects of moral development
Androgyny
Presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person
Gender differences in prosocial behavior
- Females view themselves as more prosocial and empathetic
- Biggest gender difference occurs in sharing
Carol Gilligan
Care perspective
Developmental change
Size of peer group increases
-Until 12, same sex friend group
Sociometric status
Describes extent to which children are liked or disliked by peers
-Neglected, rejected, controversial, popular, average
Popular children
- Give out reinforcement
- listen carefully
- Maintain open lines of communication wit peers
- Are happy and control their negative emotion
- Show enthusiasm and concern for others
- Are self-confident without being conceited
Social cognition
Thinking about social matters
5 steps processing info
- Decode social cues
- interpret
- search for a response
- select best response
- enact it
Friendship
Characterized by similarity
Friendship six functions
- Companionship
- Stimulation
- Physical support
- Ego support
- social comparison
- affection and intimacy
Intimacy in friendship
Characterized by self-disclosure and sharing private thoughts
Changes in parent-child relationship
- Parents spend considerably less time with kids
- Parents support and stimulate academic achievement
- Children receive less physical discipline
- Use more self regulation
Parents as managers
managers of children’s opportunities’, monitor kids behavior, social initiators and arrangers
Stepfamilies common types
Stepfather, stepmother, blended
Stepfamily relationship
children often have better relationship with their custodial parents
Five peer statuses
Popular, average, rejected, neglected, contriversial
Bullying
Verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful
- cyberbullying
- Boys more likely to physically bully and girls more likely to verbally bully
Companionship
Friendship provides children with familiar partner and play mate, someone willing to spend time with them
Social comparison
provides information of where the child stands in relation to others
Intimacy/affection
Friendship provides children with warm, close, trusting relationship
Ego support
Provides expectation of support, encouragement and feedback which helps children maintain an impression of themselves as worthwhile individuals
Physical support
provides time, resources and assistance
Constructivist
learner centered, emphasizes importance of actively constructing knowledge and understanding with guidance from teacher
Direct instruction
teacher centered approach, teacher direction and control with high expectation of students progress
