Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Question 1

Eriksons third stage

Answer 1

Initiative vs Guilt

• Children use their perceptual motor, cognitive and language skills to make things happen
• Governor of initiative is conscience

Question 2

Self understanding

Answer 2

Representation of self

Question 3

Gender Identity

Answer 3

Sense of being male of female

Question 4

Social cognitive theory of gender

Answer 4

Observation, imitation, reward and punishment

Question 5

Psychoanalytic theory of gender

Answer 5

Freud, preschool, develop sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent

Question 6

Social role gender theory

Answer 6

contrasting roles of men and women

Question 7

Gender schema theory

Answer 7

gender typing- gradually developing sense of what is gender appropriate or not in their culture

Question 8

Peers

Answer 8

Children of about the same age or maturity level

• feedback about abilities
• socioemotional development
• negotiating roles and rules

Question 9

Authoritarian parenting style

Answer 9

Restrictive, punitive style, demanding obedience and respect

Question 10

Authoritative parenting style

Answer 10

Encourages independence but still place limits and control

Question 11

Neglectful parenting style

Answer 11

Parent very uninvolved in the child’s life

Question 12

Indulgent parenting style

Answer 12

Highly involved with but place few demands or control

Question 13

Corporal punishment

Answer 13

Still legal, US and Canada have more positive attitudes towards, higher level of immediate compliance but also increased aggression by children
-lower level of moral internalization and mental health

Question 14

Child maltreatment

Answer 14

Physical abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse

Question 15

Co-parenting

Answer 15

The support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child

Question 16

First born sibling

Answer 16

more adult oriented, more helpful, conforming and self-controlled, achievement oriented

Question 17

Children of divorced families more likely to:

Answer 17

• Have academic problems
• Show externalized problems, such as acting out and delinquency
• internalized problems, such anxiety and depression
• Drop out of school
• Become sexually active at an early age
• Take drugs
• Have low self esteem

Question 18

Emotion-coaching parents

Answer 18

Monitor their children’s emotions, view their
children’s negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, assist them in labeling emotions, and coach them in how to deal effectively with emotions

Question 19

Emotion-dismissing parents

Answer 19

view their role as one to deny, ignore, or change negative emotions exhibited by their children

Question 20

Heteronomous morality

Answer 20

Justice and rules are unchangeable, Piaget, infancy to 9

Question 21

Autonomous morality

Answer 21

10 and older, rules can be changed

Question 22

Moral development

Answer 22

development of thoughts, feelings and behaviors regarding people

Question 23

Play

Answer 23

Extensive amount of peer interaction, engaged in for ones own sake

• helps child master anxieties and conflicts
• satisfies exploratory drive

Question 24

Practice play

Answer 24

repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned

Question 25

Social play

Answer 25

Play that involves interaction with peers

Question 26

Construction play

Answer 26

combines sensorimotor and practice play with symbolic representation
-self-regulated creation