Peers, Culture, and Problems in Adolescence

Question 1

Peers

Answer 1

people who are about the same age

Question 2

Friends

Answer 2

People with whom	you	develop	a valued,	
mutual relationship
-Share development
-social needs
-prepare for future relationship/family
-help to achieve goals

Question 3

Harry Stack Sullivan

Answer 3

friends are important in shaping the development of children and adolescents

• Everyone has basic social needs, friends help meet social needs
• Foreshadows the quality of romantic relationships in adulthood

Question 4

Why adolescence become friends

Answer 4

Similarity in: Age, gender, educational orientation, media and leisure preferences, participation in risk behavior, ethnicity, parent influences, religious practices, choice of schools, location of family home

Question 5

Advantages of having good friends

Answer 5

Lower levels of delinquency, less substance abuse, less likely to engage in risky sexual activity, less likely to be bullied or victimized, higher academic achievement

Question 6

Cliques

Answer 6

small groups ranging from 2 to about 12, members are same sex and about same age

Question 7

Crowds

Answer 7

larger and less personal, based on reputation; jocks, cowboys

Question 8

Peer Pressure/friend influence

Answer 8

conformity to peer standards, teens more likely to cave when: uncertain about social identity, with someone with higher status

Question 9

Dating can be:

Answer 9

recreation, source of status, opportunity to learn about close relationships, way to find a mate

Question 10

Three stages of Developing romantic relationships

Answer 10

• Entering into romantic affiliations-11-13
• Exploring romantic relationships-14-16, casual dating, dating in groups
• Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds-17-19

Question 11

Gay and lesbian dating

Answer 11

many sexual minority youth date other-sex peers which can help them clarify and disguise sexual orientation

Question 12

Benefits of dating

Answer 12

higher levels of social and acceptance and friendship and romantic competence

Question 13

Early dating

Answer 13

associated with adolescent pregnancy and problems at home and school

Question 14

Rites of passage

Answer 14

make a persons transition from one status to another

-religions

Question 15

Immigration

Answer 15

high rates of immigration=growth of ethnic minorities

Question 16

Immigrant stressors

Answer 16

language barriers, separation from support system, change in SES status, preserve identity and assimilation

Question 17

Adolescent problems

Answer 17

Drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexual problems, school-related problems

Question 18

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 18

10 times more prevalent in girls than in boys, relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation, intense fear of gaining weight,

Question 19

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 19

binge and purge, typically fall in normal rage of weight, strong fear of becoming overweight, depressed or anxious

Question 20

Juvenile Delinquency

Answer 20

and adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal, males more likely, minority and lower SES groups more likely

Question 21

Erikson about delinquency

Answer 21

adolescents with a negative identity may find support for their delinquent image among peers, reinforcing negative identity

Question 22

Depression

Answer 22

15-20% of adolescents experience major depression, girls have higher rates of depression, girls ruminate more than guys

Question 23

Factors that influence depression

Answer 23

genetics, family factors, poor peer relationships, romantic problems, especially for grills

Question 24

Major depressive disorder

Answer 24

at least 5 to 9
1-symptoms present most of the day every day for two weeks,
2 loss of interest,
3 significant loss or increase in weight,
4-insomnia or oversleeping,
5-psychomotor agitation or retardation observable by others,
6-ruminate of negative feelings,
7-low energy or fatigue
8- Diminished ability to concentrate
9- suicidal thoughts

Question 25

Suicide

Answer 25

girls more likely to attempt suicide, boys more likely to succeed

Question 26

Risk factors of suicide

Answer 26

previous attempts, depression, family disruption, substance abuse,

Question 27

Leading cause of death in adolescence

Answer 27

accidental motor vehicle accidents

Question 28

top-dog phenomenon

Answer 28

going from being the big man on campus the the low dude on the totem pole

Question 29

Identity

Answer 29

``` self-portrait composed of many pieces, including: • vocational/career • political • religious • relationship • achievement;intellectual • sexual • cultural/ethnic • interests • personality • physical ```

Question 30

Identity vs identity confusion

Answer 30

Eriksons 5th stage, "Who am i? Where am I going?"

Question 31

love identity formation

Answer 31

Involves choosing a partner and committing oneself to a close relationship.

Question 32

work identity formation

Answer 32

Includes choosing a major if you are a student and choosing an occupation or career path.

Question 33

Ideology (beliefs) identity formation

Answer 33

This includes but is not limited to establishing commitments and attitudes toward religion and spirituality, politics, morals etc.

Question 34

Psychosocial moratorium

Answer 34

Socially sanctioned period of time where adult responsibilities are delayed so that adolescents can explore alternatives in employment, relationships, and ideology.

Question 35

Crisis (exploration)

Answer 35

time of exploring alternatives

Question 36

Commitment

Answer 36

person investment in forming an identity

Question 37

Identity difffusion

Answer 37

not yet experienced a crisis or made any | commitments, undecided and uninterested in choosing

Question 38

identity moratorium

Answer 38

individuals in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments are either absent or are only vaguely defined, two possibilities: exploring with active intent and wandering with aimless intent

Question 39

identity foreclosure

Answer 39

made a commitment but not experienced a crisis • parents hand down commitments to their adolescents before they have had a chance to explore different options on their own

Question 40

Identity achievement

Answer 40

Individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment

Question 41

Ethnic identity

Answer 41

enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership

Question 42

Bicultural identity

Answer 42

adolescents identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majority culture

Question 43

Ways of coping with ethnic identity crisis

Answer 43

Assimilation (accepting), marginality (accepting being an outcast), separation (rejection from society), biculturalism (accepting and combining)

Question 44

Sexual identity

Answer 44

involves activities, interests, styles of behavior, and an indication of sexual orientation -- whether an individual has same-sex or other-sex attractions

Question 45

service learning

Answer 45

form of education that promotes | social responsibility and service to the community

Question 46

Moving to junior high/middle school

Answer 46

is garbage but most kids survive, if thy do successfully they feel more grown up and spend more time with peers

Question 47

parent supervision

Answer 47

too little supervision=juvenile delinquency, too much=helicopter parenting which results in less confident children with lower self esteem and anxiety

Question 48

Autonomy granting

Answer 48

- adolescents push for autonomy (independence) but parents resist - attachment is important to parent-child relationship

Question 49

Parent-adolescent conflict

Answer 49

usually about everyday events, escalate quickly, some conflict is good, too much is bad