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Human Development > Peers, Culture, and Problems in Adolescence > Flashcards

Peers, Culture, and Problems in Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Peers

A

people who are about the same age

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2
Q

Friends

A 
People with whom	you	develop	a valued,	
mutual relationship
-Share development
-social needs
-prepare for future relationship/family
-help to achieve goals
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3
Q

Harry Stack Sullivan

A

friends are important in shaping the development of children and adolescents

  • Everyone has basic social needs, friends help meet social needs
  • Foreshadows the quality of romantic relationships in adulthood
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4
Q

Why adolescence become friends

A

Similarity in: Age, gender, educational orientation, media and leisure preferences, participation in risk behavior, ethnicity, parent influences, religious practices, choice of schools, location of family home

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5
Q

Advantages of having good friends

A

Lower levels of delinquency, less substance abuse, less likely to engage in risky sexual activity, less likely to be bullied or victimized, higher academic achievement

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6
Q

Cliques

A

small groups ranging from 2 to about 12, members are same sex and about same age

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7
Q

Crowds

A

larger and less personal, based on reputation; jocks, cowboys

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8
Q

Peer Pressure/friend influence

A

conformity to peer standards, teens more likely to cave when: uncertain about social identity, with someone with higher status

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9
Q

Dating can be:

A

recreation, source of status, opportunity to learn about close relationships, way to find a mate

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10
Q

Three stages of Developing romantic relationships

A
  • Entering into romantic affiliations-11-13
  • Exploring romantic relationships-14-16, casual dating, dating in groups
  • Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds-17-19
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11
Q

Gay and lesbian dating

A

many sexual minority youth date other-sex peers which can help them clarify and disguise sexual orientation

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12
Q

Benefits of dating

A

higher levels of social and acceptance and friendship and romantic competence

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13
Q

Early dating

A

associated with adolescent pregnancy and problems at home and school

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14
Q

Rites of passage

A

make a persons transition from one status to another

-religions

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15
Q

Immigration

A

high rates of immigration=growth of ethnic minorities

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16
Q

Immigrant stressors

A

language barriers, separation from support system, change in SES status, preserve identity and assimilation

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17
Q

Adolescent problems

A

Drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexual problems, school-related problems

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18
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

10 times more prevalent in girls than in boys, relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation, intense fear of gaining weight,

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19
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

binge and purge, typically fall in normal rage of weight, strong fear of becoming overweight, depressed or anxious

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20
Q

Juvenile Delinquency

A

and adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal, males more likely, minority and lower SES groups more likely

21
Q

Erikson about delinquency

A

adolescents with a negative identity may find support for their delinquent image among peers, reinforcing negative identity

22
Q

Depression

A

15-20% of adolescents experience major depression, girls have higher rates of depression, girls ruminate more than guys

23
Q

Factors that influence depression

A

genetics, family factors, poor peer relationships, romantic problems, especially for grills

24
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

at least 5 to 9
1-symptoms present most of the day every day for two weeks,
2 loss of interest,
3 significant loss or increase in weight,
4-insomnia or oversleeping,
5-psychomotor agitation or retardation observable by others,
6-ruminate of negative feelings,
7-low energy or fatigue
8- Diminished ability to concentrate
9- suicidal thoughts

25
Q

Suicide

A

girls more likely to attempt suicide, boys more likely to succeed

26
Q

Risk factors of suicide

A

previous attempts, depression, family disruption, substance abuse,

27
Q

Leading cause of death in adolescence

A

accidental motor vehicle accidents

28
Q

top-dog phenomenon

A

going from being the big man on campus the the low dude on the totem pole

29
Q

Identity

A 
self-portrait composed of many pieces,	
including:
• vocational/career	
• political	
• religious	
• relationship	
• achievement;intellectual	
• sexual	
• cultural/ethnic
• interests
• personality
• physical
30
Q

Identity vs identity confusion

A

Eriksons 5th stage, “Who am i? Where am I going?”

31
Q

love identity formation

A

Involves choosing a partner and committing oneself to a close
relationship.

32
Q

work identity formation

A

Includes choosing a major if you are a student and choosing an
occupation or career path.

33
Q

Ideology (beliefs) identity formation

A

This includes but is not limited to establishing commitments and
attitudes toward religion and spirituality, politics, morals etc.

34
Q

Psychosocial moratorium

A

Socially sanctioned period of time where adult
responsibilities are delayed so that adolescents can
explore alternatives in employment, relationships, and
ideology.

35
Q

Crisis (exploration)

A

time of exploring alternatives

36
Q

Commitment

A

person investment in forming an identity

37
Q

Identity difffusion

A

not yet experienced a crisis or made any

commitments, undecided and uninterested in choosing

38
Q

identity moratorium

A

individuals in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments
are either absent or are only vaguely defined,
two possibilities: exploring with active intent and wandering with aimless intent

39
Q

identity foreclosure

A

made a commitment but not experienced a crisis
• parents hand down commitments to their adolescents before they have
had a chance to explore different options on their own

40
Q

Identity achievement

A

Individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment

41
Q

Ethnic identity

A

enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership

42
Q

Bicultural identity

A

adolescents identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majority culture

43
Q

Ways of coping with ethnic identity crisis

A

Assimilation (accepting), marginality (accepting being an outcast), separation (rejection from society), biculturalism (accepting and combining)

44
Q

Sexual identity

A

involves activities, interests, styles of behavior, and an indication of sexual orientation – whether an individual has same-sex or other-sex attractions

45
Q

service learning

A

form of education that promotes

social responsibility and service to the community

46
Q

Moving to junior high/middle school

A

is garbage but most kids survive, if thy do successfully they feel more grown up and spend more time with peers

47
Q

parent supervision

A

too little supervision=juvenile delinquency, too much=helicopter parenting which results in less confident children with lower self esteem and anxiety

48
Q

Autonomy granting

A
  • adolescents push for autonomy (independence) but parents resist
  • attachment is important to parent-child relationship
49
Q

Parent-adolescent conflict

A

usually about everyday events, escalate quickly, some conflict is good, too much is bad

Human Development (12 decks)

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