Middle Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Development Flashcards

1
Q

Changing midlife

A

many 50 year olds today are healthier than 40 year olds a generation or two ago, middle age is starting to last longer, “Midlife is the afternoon of life”

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2
Q

may be characterized by

A

loss of a parent, last child leaving the home, becoming a grandparent, preparing for retiring, gains and losses balance each other out

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3
Q

physical changes

A

skin begins to wrinkle and sag, age spots, thinning and greying hair
-greater interest in plastic surgery, keep the perception that im not slowed down

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4
Q

Height

A

lose height

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5
Q

weight

A

many gain weight, body fat makes up 20% of the body in midlife rather than the 10% in adolescence

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6
Q

Sarcopenia

A

age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

-exercise can postpone

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7
Q

joints and bones

A

cartilage and connective tissue becomes less effective

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8
Q

bone loss

A

women experience twice the rate, bones break easily and heal slowly

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9
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

blood pressure and cholesterol become problematic, women’s blood pressure rises and stays higher than mens after menopause

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10
Q

Lungs

A

little change besides becoming less elastic other than in smokers

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11
Q

vision

A

ability to focus eye on an image decline between 40 and 59, need for reading glasses

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12
Q

Hearing

A

declines after 40, sensitivity to high pitches goes first, men lose sensitivity sooner than women

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13
Q

Sleep

A

beginning at 40s, less deep sleep, more time laying awake

-sleep problems are more common for those with higher number of prescription medications

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14
Q

sleep apnea

A

repetitive collapse of upper airway and blocked breathing 5 or more times an hour, living a healthy lifestyle will reduce

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15
Q

health and disease

A

frequency of accidents declines, less susceptible to colds, stress is found to be a factor in disease, especially chronic stress

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16
Q

chronic diseases

A

rare in early adulthood, culture effects cardiovascular disease

17
Q

gender differences in health

A

Men: higher rates of death on the job, less likely to see selves as ill or susceptible to death, more likely to develop autoimmune disease

18
Q

SES and health

A

SES one of the strongest predictors of health/illness

19
Q

Mortality rates

A

many deaths are caused by single identifiable cause, leading causes: heart disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease

20
Q

Climacteric

A

midlife transition which fertility declines, menopause for women, average age 51

21
Q

treating effects of menopause

A

Hormone replacement therapy- augments declining levels of reproductive hormone production, negative increase in risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease

22
Q

Male menopause

A

has less to do with hormonal change than with psychological adjustment to overall decline, testosterone levels decline

23
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

long term memory, accumulated info and verbal skills

24
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

ability to reason abstractly, and think quicker begins to decline

25
Q

studying intelligence

A

cross-sectional vs longitudinal make a big difference in results

26
Q

Adult thinking

A

instead of thinking becoming weaker, it just becomes different, more thoughtful

27
Q

memory

A

some decline in memory, working memory- the mental workbench tends to slow down more. the information hasn’t gone, just the ability to access it is declined

28
Q

Expertise

A

shows up in middle adulthood, many years of experience

29
Q

Seattle longitudinal study

A

Mental abilities that were the best: verbal ability, verbal memory, spatial orientation, and inductive reasoning

30
Q

Work

A

globalization of work, development of technologies, downsizing or organizations, early retirement, concerns about pensions and health care, some self motivated to change job

31
Q

leisure

A

pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue activities and interests, leisure can become preparation for retirement