Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

Nature of Adolescence

Answer 1

Transitional period, not just a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology and deviance

• Exposed to complex option through media
• Faced with temptation

Question 2

Brain development

Answer 2

undergo significant changes

Question 3

Corpus callosum

Answer 3

thickens and improves ability to process information

Question 4

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 4

doesn’t finish maturing until 18 to 25 years of age or later, regulates emotions

Question 5

Amygdala

Answer 5

seat of emotion, mature earlier than prefrontal cortex

Question 6

Puberty

Answer 6

Not the same as adolescence, period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and body changes

Question 7

Hormones

Answer 7

Powerful chemicals secreted by endocrine gland, stimulate cells to action

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Survival, eating and sexual reproduction

Question 9

pituitary gland

Answer 9

controls growth and regulates other glands

Question 10

Testosterone

Answer 10

increased height, change in voice, development of genitals, in both girls and boys

Question 11

Estradiol

Answer 11

in both boys and girls

Question 12

Menarche

Answer 12

first menstruation, has declined significantly since the mid 19th century

Question 13

Timing and variation of puberty

Answer 13

Basic genetic program for puberty is wired into species , nutrition, health, and other environmental factors influence

Question 14

Early and late maturation

Answer 14

perceive themselves different, early females increased vulnerability to smoking, drinking, depression, eating disorders, struggle for earlier independence
-Late usually don’t have many side effects

Question 15

Freud

Answer 15

6 to onset puberty, children are in latency stage, then puberty happens and enter genital stage

Question 16

timing of adolescence

Answer 16

varies by country, gender, or socioeconomic characteristic

Question 17

Risks

Answer 17

STIs and pregnancy

Question 18

United States pregnancy

Answer 18

one of the highest among industrialized nations

Question 19

Infants of adolescent parents

Answer 19

likely to have low birth weight, more neurological problems and childhood illnesses

Question 20

Adolescent mothers

Answer 20

likely to come from low-SES background, some drop out of school some do well

Question 21

Formal operational thought

Answer 21

Piaget’s fourth and final stage, thinking is more abstract and logical, thinking about what is ideal, thinking about thinking

Question 22

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Answer 22

Systematic way of thinking

Question 23

Adolescent egocentrism

Answer 23

heightened self-conscience, imaginary audience, personal fable

Question 24

imaginary audience

Answer 24

“Everyone is staring at me, everyone is interested in what i’m doing”

Question 25

Personal fable

Answer 25

No one is like me, i am invincible or invulnerable

Question 26

Body image

Answer 26

preoccupied with their bodies and develop what their bodies are like

• Girls less happy with their bodies
• Boys become more satisfied as they move through puberty

Question 27

Sleep pattern

Answer 27

only 45% of adolescents studied got inadequate sleep on school night

Question 28

G Stanley Hall “storm and Stress”

Answer 28

View that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings
-most teens display a healthy self image rather than stress and storm however

Question 29

Male puberty development order

Answer 29

increase in penis and testicle size, appearance of straight public hair, minor voice changes, first ejaculation, onset of maximum growth of height and weight, Hair in armpits, more detectable voice change, growth of facial hair

Question 30

Female puberty development order

Answer 30

breasts enlarge and pubic hair appears, hair in armpits