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Human Development > Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Late Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

ageism

A

“typical” old person, often viewed as cranky an passive , without energy, dependent on others

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2
Q

infantilization

A

more living longer and healthier debunk the stereotype

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3
Q

Policy issues

A

health care costs and who will take care of them

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4
Q

life span

A

max number of years someone can live

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5
Q

life expectancy

A

number of years a person is expected to live, average is 78.7

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6
Q

Gender differences in age

A

women outlive males by average of 5 years due to health attitudes, habits, occupations, biological factor

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7
Q

Centenarians

A

increasing number, 1980- 15,000, 2050-800,000, genes, family history, health, exercise, education

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8
Q

Primary aging

A

going to happen to everybody like getting old, getting wrinkles, body slowing down, gradual

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9
Q

secondary aging

A

pathological, environment, diseases, behavior

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10
Q

physical development

A

inevitable aging like wrinkles, slowing down, loss of height and weight, exercise is important

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11
Q

Vision

A

decline in visual acuity, color vision, depth perception

  • Cataracts- thickening of lens
  • glaucoma- optic nerve damage caused by pressure from fluid buildup
  • Mucular Degeneration- center field of view becomes blurred
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12
Q

hearing

A

deterioration of cochlea

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13
Q

smell and taste

A

most lose some ability to taste and/or smell

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14
Q

touch and pain

A

decreased sensitivity of pain, may mask injury and illness

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15
Q

illness and death

A

nearly 60% of US adults 65-74 die of cardiovascular disease and cancer

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16
Q

Arthritis

A

common, deterioration and inflammation of the joints, incurable, affect whole body

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17
Q

osteoporosis

A

leading cause of broken bones for women, extensive loss of bone tissue, exercise and diet, strength building helps to strengthen bones

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18
Q

brain

A

brain loses volume and weight, by 90 20% of total brain mass is lost, USE IT OR LOSE IT, lack of stimulation, loss of growth

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19
Q

Cognitive skills

A

loss of plasticity especially 85 or older, can be improved with training

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20
Q

Dementia

A

loss or deterioration in mental functioning, memory

21
Q

Alzheimers

A

progressive disorder, destroying brain cells, form of dementia, not part of normal aging
-causes: age is a factor, genetics: ApoE, twin studies, smoking,

22
Q

Respite care

A

services that provide temporary relief to caregivers

23
Q

Aging workforce

A

percentage of older adults working has increased, many looking for a gradual exit from workforce, average age requirement women: 62, Men: 64

24
Q

Older workers

A

compared to younger workers they have lower rates of absenteenism, fewer accidents, increased job satisfaction, most people over 65 are working, 2nd or 3rd careers, many work as unpaid volunteers

25
Q

misconceptions that prevent being hired

A

with expertise many believe comes requirement for higher salary but many old people just want to work and they will retire soon, out of date skills

26
Q

transition from work to retirement

A

some don’t retire, some move in and out of work force, some move to disability status, some retire and start volunteering

27
Q

Erikson’s 8th stage

A

Integrity vs despair, “ I had a fulfilling life, I lived well”

28
Q

Life review

A

essential piece, looking back on life
1- reminiscing for pleasure
2- reminiscing for self understanding
3- Reminiscing to solve present problems and cope with losses

29
Q

wisdom

A

often results when older adults reflect on both their successes and their failures
-when despair leads to depression, reminiscence therapy often helps

30
Q

Four types of reminiscing

A

1- integrative- help people resolve old conflicts and reconcile disappointments
2- instrumental- facilitate coping with current problems by using coping strategies
3- Escapist- glorify past memories
4- Obsessive- emphasize the negative and results in guilt. bitterness and despair

31
Q

Activity theory

A

the more active and involved older adult are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives

32
Q

Socioemotional selective theory

A

older adults become more selective with their social networks

  • spend more time with familiar individuals
  • Laura Cartensen
33
Q

Social contact through lifespan are guided by both:

A

emotional regulation and acquisition of knowledge

-The regulation of emotion becomes increasingly salient in adulthood

34
Q

Stratification theories

A

social forces and cultural influence limit choices

35
Q

Selective optimization with compensation theory

A

aging linked with three factors

  • Selection- reduced capacity and loss of function which require a deduction in performance
  • Optimization- maintain performance in some areas
  • Compensation- when activities require higher levels of performance than older adults can provide
36
Q

Degrees of personal life investment

A

25-34- work, friends, family, independence
35-54- Family, work, friends, cognitive fitness
55-65- family, health, friends, cognitive fitness
70-84- Family, health, cognitive fitness, friends
85-105- health, family, thinking about life, cognitive fitness

37
Q

big five personality factors

A

impulse control, reliability, conventionality, conscientiousness, extraversion, openess

38
Q

lifestyle changes for older adults

A

more remarriages, 1/3 marry, divorce and remarry

39
Q

Married older adults

A

2012- 58% of 65+ were married, 27% were widowed

-Marital satisfaction is greater in older adults

40
Q

divorced and remarried older adults

A

divorce is far less common among older adults, social, financial, and physical consequences of divorce
-remarriage is increasing

41
Q

Cohabiting older adults

A

increasing, baby boomers

42
Q

Attachment and aging adults

A

fewer attachment relationships, with increasing age, attachment anxiety decreases
-Insecure attachment linked to more caregiver burden

43
Q

Friendships

A

maintain friends they already have, activity with friends increases life satisfaction, friends may be more important than family in predicting mental health

44
Q

Social support and integration

A

Age in place, social convoy model,

45
Q

Older adult children

A

familism- family> self, children are more important

46
Q

Age, gender and ethnicity

A

minorities are over-represented among the poor, double or triple jeopardy

47
Q

Gender

A

women experience burden of both ageism and sexism, poverty rate double for women than men

48
Q

Successful aging

A

many abilities can be maintained and/or improved in older adults due to: proper diet, active lifestyle, mental stimulation and flexibility, positive coping skills, good social skills, good social relationship and support

Human Development (12 decks)

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