Social T7 Flashcards
a renewable resource that will continually support many people provided that everyone shows restraint in ‘harvesting’ the resource
replenishable ressource dilemma
Gaining the benefits of group membership by avoiding costly obligations of membership and by allowing other members to incur those costs
free-rider effect
goods are provided for everyone: for example, public health, national parks, the national road network, public radio and TV. Because public goods are available to all, people are tempted to use them without contributing to their maintenance. This describes what?
public goods dilemma
How are stereotypes helpful
Making sense of the diversity of thesocial world, reducing self-uncertainty, classifying social roles, power differentials and intergroup conflicts , contributing to positive sense of ingroup identity
How can stereotype threat be diminished?
Know streotype threat Reduce degree to which identity is tied to performance which could then be used tomake inferences Sever self-esteem from performance Identify strongly with stigmatised group Extensive favourable intergroup contact with anxiety inducing outgrouo
How does it relate to realistic conflict theory
Competetive intergroup behaviour also emerges when goal relations are not interdependent between groups, when the groups are explicitly non-competitive and explicitly cooperative
Social dilemma in which cooperation by all benefits all, but competition by all harms all
commons dilemma
What are critique points of the Robbers Cave study
Artificial situations → applicability of findings Ethical issues: deception to insight conflict that caused physical and possibly psychological harm Generalisability: 12 y/o white boys
What are stereotypes
Widely shared generalisations about groups that are not static but object to change, that persistent if theyre readily available and seem logical
What are superordinate goals
Goals that both groups desire but that can be achieved only by both groups cooperating
What are the different stages of the Robbers Cave study
1: boys arrived at the camp, and engaged in camp-wide activities, formed friendships.
2: camp was divided into two separated and isolated groups that split up friendships. The groups made little reference to each other apart from some embryonic ethnocentrism
3: groups were brought together to engage in organised intergroup competitions embracing sports contests and other activities. generated competition and intergroup hostility → generalised to situations outside the organised competitions. Ethnocentric attitudes and behaviour were amplified and coupled with intergroup aggression and ingroup solidarity. intergroup encounters => intergroup hostility. Intergroup relations deteriorated so dramatically that two of the experiments were hastily concluded at this stage
4: The two groups were provided with superordinate goals, goals they both desired but were unable to achieve on their own. The groups had to work together in cooperation
What are the implications of this study for our understanding of intergroup competition and reconciliation?
Identifying common goals and intrests → superordinate goals Embryonic ethnocentrism was found in the absence of conflict
What is the minimal group paradigm
Minimal conditions for intergroup behaviour to be ethnocentric and culminate in intergroup conflict or hostility
What is the result of the Sherif Field Experiment 1966
prejudice, discrimination and ethocentrism arose as a result of intergroup conflict that was realintergroup relations were gradually improved through cooperative intergroup relations centred around superordinate goalsless frustrated groups (winners) was more aggressive
What is the Robbers Cave study (1966)
study on intergroup dynamics and groundwork for realistic conflict theory
How would an interpersonal relationship go if there were mutually exclusive goals?
What is the most important resource in social identity theory and realistic conflict theory?
- SIT: symbols of importance
- RCT: material or political power
What is the group’s goal in social identity theory and realistic conflict theory?
- SIT: relative superiority
- RCT: absolute resources and superiority
Where does conflict originate in social identity theory and realistic conflict theory?
- SIT: desire to feel positive about ingroup compared to outgroup
- RCT: competition due to limited resources
What are possible goals in realistic conflict theory (Sherif, 1966)?
Shared goals or mutually exclusive goals
How would an interpersonal relationship go if there were shared goals?
What do shared goals require (Sherif, 1966)?
cooperation of groups
What is realistic conflict theory (Sherif, 1966)?
goal relations between individuals and groups determine cooperation or competition between groups and thus, interpersonal and intergroup behaviour
What is the individual’s goal in social identity theory and realistic conflict theory?
- SIT: self-esteem, understanding oneself, meaning
- RCT: material security, belonging to group
How would an intergroup relationship go if there were shared goals?
How would an intergroup relationship go if there were mutually exclusive goals?
