BIO T7

Question 1

Which type of memory is often associated with skills, habits, and conditioning, and is typically acquired through repetition and practice?
a) Declarative memory
b) Non-declarative memory
c) Episodic memory
d) Working memory

Answer 1

b

Question 2

Which type of memory is typically involved in consciously recalling factual information, such as historical dates or personal experiences?
a) Declarative memory
b) Non-declarative memory
c) Procedural memory
d) Semantic memory

Answer 2

a

Question 3

How would damage to the striatum affect memory?
A. Procedural memory would be affected, one would have odd emotional responses
B. Episodic memory would be affected, one would lose learned skills and habits
C. Procedural memory would be affected, one would lose learned skills and habits
D. Episodic memory would be affected, one would have odd emotional responses

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How would damage to the cerebellum affect memory?
A. One would learn odd emotional responses
B. One would lose learned skills and habits
C. One would lose motor coordination
D. One would have odd linguistic responses

Answer 4

C| Skeletal musculature

Question 5

How would damage to the amygdala affect memory?
A. One would learn odd emotional responses
B. One would lose learned skills and habits
C. One would lose spatial coordination
D. One would have odd linguistic responses

Answer 5

A

Question 6

Which brain structures are implied in classical conditioning?
A. cerebum & amygdala
B. amygdala & hypothalamus
C. hypothalamus & cerebellum
D. cerebellum & amygdala

Answer 6

D

Question 7

Place field cells are most likely to be found in which brain region?
a) Hippocampus
b) Prefrontal cortex
c) Cerebellum
d) Amygdala

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Which of the following tasks would most likely be impaired by damage to place field cells?
a) Recognizing faces
b) Recalling past events
c) Finding one’s way in a familiar environment
d) Performing mathematical calculations

Answer 8

c

Question 9

What are the three kinds of learning?

Answer 9

Non-associative Learning
1. Habituation
2. Sensitization
Associative Learning
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant conditioning
Observational Learning
*Ex: Bandura’s findings in the Bobo doll experiments

Question 10

What is the hebbian synapse?

Answer 10

When one cell consistently activates another, the connection between them is strengthened. If it consistently fails to do so, the connection between them is unchanged or weakened* <img></img>

Question 11

What role do synapses play in memory?

Answer 11

provides a site for the neuralbasis of learning, a relatively permanent change in behavior, that results from experience

Question 12

What does the habitutation of the aplysia show? (initially a gill-withdrawl effect)

Answer 12

decreased Ca2+ influx and subsequently less neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic axon terminal

Question 13

What does the sensitisation of the aplysia suggest? (initially a gill-withdrawl effect)?

Answer 13

increased Ca2+ influx and subsequently more neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic axon terminal.

Question 14

What would happen to a sensory and motor neuron during non-associative learning

Answer 14

more synapses or less

Question 15

What is long-term potention?

Answer 15

A long-lasting increase in synaptic effectiveness after high-frequency stimulation

Question 16

Short-term memory

Answer 16

storage of information for a limited time

Question 17

Long-term memory

Answer 17

storage of of information, that lasts in time – we can recall for days, months, or years after was originally stored

Question 18

Working memory

Answer 18

limited in capacity and require rehearsal – information held “in mind” – e.g. when someone tells you his or her phone number, you can retain it for a limited period of time by repeating it

Question 19

Patient H.M. got a bileterall excision of the medialtemporal lobe, including cortex, amygdala, and partof the hippocampus because of epilepsy* <img></img>what would a result look like? if he took a mirror tracing test?

Answer 19

• Severe anterograde amnesia for declarative memory (impairment of long-term memory)
• Partial retrograde amnesia (loss of episodic/declarative memories)
• Better implicit than explicit memory (nearly intact procedural memory)
• Normal working memory

Question 20

The neuronal mechanisms underlying declarative memory, procedural memory or working memory are

Answer 20

different

Question 21

Declarative memory (episodic) depends on

Answer 21

the medial temporal cortex and hippocampus

Question 22

are important for processing andconsolidating new declarative memories

Answer 22

The medial temporal cortex and hippocampus

Question 23

Morris water maze

Answer 23

rats with hippocampal lesions do not learn

Question 24

Place Cells:

Answer 24

respond selectively only when a mouse is in a certain location in its environment º* <img></img>

Question 25

A rat explores a small box for 10 minutes (left panels). Then the partition is removed, so the rat can explore a larger area (center and right panels).<img></img>explain

Answer 25

In this case, an electrode is next to a cell in the hippocampus that does not respond when the rat is in the smaller upper box(left). In the first 10 minutes after the partition is removed, the cell also does not respond (center).But after another 10 minutes, a place field develops in the new larger box (right).

Question 26

Grid cells respond to

Answer 26

a series of locations arranged in a hexagonal grid

Question 27

Place cells receive input from…

Answer 27

grid cells in the entorhinal cortex

Question 28

How does sensory information become memory?

Answer 28

Question 29

What are the four important principles of observational learning?

Answer 29

Question 30

Explain

A rat explores a small box for 10 minutes (left
panels). Then the partition is removed, so the rat
can explore a larger area (centre and right panels).

Answer 30

Color coding indicates the area in the box where
one place cell in the hippocampus responds: red,
large response; yellow, moderate response; blue, no
response. This cell has a place field in the smaller
upper box; when the partition is removed, it stays in
the same location