Social Studies Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is a written agreement between two or more nations
A treaty
What does Westward expansion mean?
During the 1800s the movement of settlers and immigrants from the eastern United States to the Midwest and West
What does ratify mean
To approve formally
What is a territory
A part of the United States that is not within a state but is organized with its own governing leaders
What is in an annuity
Annual payment of food and money that the US government paid to the American Indians in return for their land.
What is a reservation
Land se aside, or reserved, by the US government for use by an American Indian group.
What is something that is owed such as money, good, for services
Debt
What is in an assimilation
Adopting the values, and habits of a larger group.
The U. S. looked to expand west, but what did they have to do to be able to
They had to get land from the Indians
In what year did thousands of European Americans move west onto Indian land
The early 1800s
Was the westward expansion supported by the Government
Yes
What did the US have more of then the Indians did??
Money, people, and military power
What did they do to the treaties so then it favored the government more??
They made the treaties really complicated
Zebulon pike was sent by the ____________to acquire land for a fort in the year of_____.
He was sent by the government in the year of 1805
————- —–
Where did Zebulon Pike find a place for a fort
Where is the Mississippi in Minnesota rivers meet
What did they call the fort Zebulon Pike found?
B’dote
What does B’dote mean??
Place where rivers meet
How many Dakota leaders met with Zebulon Pike
7
How many leaders decided to sell part of their land
Two
Where the pieces of land the leaders agreed to sell first small, big, or medium sized?
Small
The two small pieces the leaders agreed to sell were in what 2 places
1: where The St. Croix and Mississippi come together
2: both sides of the Mississippi River from the mouth of the Minnesota River North to falls of Anthony
They could not approve the land treaty yet because who needed to do that
The US Senate
In what year did they agree to pay the Dakota for the land, and how much did they pay them
In 1808 and they agreed to pay the Dakota $2000
In what year did The soldiers arrive to start building a fort and what did they name it
In 1819 and they named it Fort Snelling
What was The purpose of Fort Snelling
To enforce US laws related to the fur trade- protect US trade from the British
And to keep peace between the Dakota and Ojibway
What were Lawrence Taliaferro’s jobs
He was an Indian agent-worked to keep the fur trade running smoothly, managing the relations between the government and Indians, and resolved disputes between the fur traders and the Indians
What was the headquarters acrosst the river from the fort( Mendota) called
American fur company
Who was the head of the American fur company
Henry Hastings Sibley
True or false, Henry Hastings Sibley was a terrible businessman
False
Henry Hastings Sibley understood what
The importance of building kinship with the Dakota
Who did Henry Hastings Sibley marry and did they have a daughter or son
Red blanket woman and they had a daughter
What was the resource value of the land for the Dakota and Ojibway
- It belonged to the people who lived there
- Land held their ancestors graves and places of sacred tradition
- Provided food and resources for survival and transportation.
What was the resource value of the land for the Americans
- Land had resources from which to benefit
2. Lumber, land for farming, rivers for powering mills, land divided for homes and businesses( income)
In what year did the demand for first drop
In the 1830s which means the fur trade was less profitable
The westward expansion increased in the 1830s what did the government want
Land
What year did Minnesota become Territory
1849
At the time that Minnesota became a territory how many Americans lived there
About 5,000
Who was the territorial governor
Alexander Ramsey
True or false,
the government plan was to offer a cash payment in one month
False they wanted to offer a cash payment right away
What was the government plan?
- Offer a cash payment right away
- Annuities for the next 50 years
- Dakota could keep part of their land forever – called reservation
What was the treaty motivations for land for the Dakota
They felt they had no choice and could at least keep some land
What was the treaty motivations for land for the Americans
Wanted to populate and control ALLof north America
What was the treaty motivations for money for the Dakota
Money to buy needed for survival and pay off their debts
What was the treaty motivations for money for the Americans
Traders pay off their debt and make money buying and selling the land
What was the treaty motivations for lifestyle for the Dakota
Reservation land to keep their traditional life
What was the treaty motivations for lifestyle for the Americans
Americans wanted to change Indians to be more like them specifically farmers and Christians
What is Pigs Eye Landing called today
St. Paul
What year was Pigs Eye Landing in
1838
Pig’s Eye Landing was downriver from what
Fort Snelling
What was Pigs Eye Landing named after
A one eyed man who opened a tavern
What was Pigs Eye Landing renamed and why was it renamed that
Saint Paul and it was named that because a priest build the church
What parties were involved in the 1851 first meeting for the treaty
The US government, and TWO Dakota tribes.
The second meeting, in Mendota, was how many weeks later from the first meeting
Two
When did they begin working on the Treaty
July 18, 1851
True or false, Ramsey offered money and the Dakota I wanted annuities also but Ramsey said no
Make false statements true
False , Ramsey offered money and annuities to help The Dakota’s poor situation
True or false when not all Indian leaders are at the meeting yet they refused to talk
Make false statements true
True
True or false, The Dakota elders wanted the government offer in writing and Ramsey did not agree
Make false statements true
False Ramsey did agree to give The Dakota elders the government offer in writing
On what day was the treaty signed by Ramsey a another official
July 23, 1851
The Dakotas still had some concerns about the treaty and still wanted a copy of the document what did they hoped would happen
They hoped the government would not change or renege it
They Dakota signed two copies of the treaty and document that said what
That they would use treating money to pay traders
How much land of the Dakota lose
Most of their land, about 24 million acres
What did the government pay in return for the land
$500,000 +50 years of food, goods, and cash
What was the government cheating
They tried to change permanent reservations to temporary, and most of the cash payment went to the traders.
What were the reservation goals for the Indians
It was a place to live traditionally- hunting, fishing, ricing etc.
What were the reservation goals for the government
A place where Indians could learn to live as Americans
Is it still hard to interpret treaty rights and they still have disagreements
Yes
What year was the Minnesota versus Mille lacs lake band of Chippewa in
1999
The Ojibwe won the Minnesota versus Mille Lacs band of Chippewah, so what did they get
They were allowed to hunt and fish in traditional ways on or off of the reservation
The state of Minnesota tried to change the treaty of the Minnesota vs. Mille Lacs band of Chippewa what did the Supreme Court say
NO
Part of annuities was set aside to teach what
The Indians how to live like Americans
Did the assimilation of the annuities being set aside to teach the Indians how to live like Americans cause great conflict
YES
How many people moved in to Minnesota after the settlement of the treaties
Tens of thousands
Dakota fought against assimilation for how many years
The next 10 years
In the next how many years did the Ojibway also signed treaties and
30
Explain why government officials, fur traders, and missionaries wanted to make treaties with the Dakota
Government officials wanted to make treaties with the Dekota because they wanted their land.The fur traders wanted to make treaties with the Dakota because the Dakota would have to use money from the treaty to pay them back. Missionaries wanted to convert them to Christianity.
What were three results of the treaty of Mendota and Traverse de Souix?
The Dakota lost a lot of land because of the Mendota treaty. The Dakota fought against assimilations for next 10 years there were a lot of disagreements about the treaty. The Dakota got reservations by the Minnesota River also.
How did the language differences make the treaty nogotiationd a problem
sometimes the other people did not understand what they were trying to say. Also they had to go through the trouble of finding a translator.
Why did some of the Dakota not want to make a treaty
Some of the Dakota did not trust the government and thought that they would really cheat on them
They did not want to lose their land
They had traditional ways of doing things and did not want to lose those ways
