Africa, China, Mongols Test Flashcards
Mongols MIlitary Structure
One person had a group of 10, and then another was in charge of those 100 and then another 1,000(military)
Women were more independent
Had religious tolerance before Islam conversion
Bureaucracy
Fairly peaceful(when you agreed with their rule)
Smart - always found highest ground
Mongol Military Discipline
Riding horses for days Very skilled, trained to Killed if they did not surrender Valued courage and warfare Used short bow from horseback Tumens- Organized groups into 10 with 1 in charge Horse based territory Cared little for their own lives
Mongol Expansion
Brutal If peeps didn’t listen they killed them Invaded every which direction VERY strong military Smart tactics and psychological warfare
Chinese trade
Silk road
Spread diseases
Bubonic plague
Fleas
Spread religion
Traded swords, sickles, cotton, gunpowder, tea, silk, porcelain
Received exotic woods, stones, tropical goods in return
Paper money was invented
Indian Ocean trade system stretched from East African coast to Middle East, India, and Indonesia (Spice Islands) and included ivory, gold, and slaves from Africa traded to the Islamic empires of the Middle East to be used as soldiers, servants and laborers.
Spices, silk, and other Asian goods were traded back to Africa and the Middle East in exchange for their goods.
Marco Polo - Silk Road
Promoted by Han Dynasty
Taken over by Kublai Khan and Mongols in Yuan
Actually helped with safety - terrified of Mongols
Merchants - higher social status for Mongols
Did not increase religious freedom
Yuan Dynasty
Created when Mongols invaded China
Mongol territory
Rebuilt the capital at Zhongdu
Called it Dadu
First foreign - led dynasty
China led by Mongols after many years of war
Built social classes based upon race
Mongols, non-Chinese, Chinese always hated the most
Encouraged advancement in technology and art for both China and Mongolia
Shortest Chinese Dynasty; less than 90 years
Never used Chinese administration, only their own rules and people
Kublai Khan’s death weakened dynasty
Heirs of khan leaders fought for power, leading to corruption
Buddhist monk ended up overthrowing and then came the Ming Dynasty
Mansa Musa
Mali
He was much cooler
Travel to Mecca
ruled Mali from 1312 to 1337.
He helped the the kingdom grow
created a strong government.
He split the kingdom into small provinces.
After he did this he journeyed to Makkah(faithful Muslim).
Spending money on the way (gold)
He went with many servants and soldiers to keep him safe from the enemies.
When he got back he made Timbuktu the center of Islamic culture.
This caused the city to grow immensely
Ibn Battuta
Great life traveled and wrote about his travels
A traveler who visited West Africa and became major source of info on the civilizations of the region. No central ruling power was in these city-states
Sunni Ali
Started the Songhai Empire
Political prisoner of Mali Escaped and conquered surrounding trade route cities
under the leadership of Sunni Ali, the Songhai gained control of trade in West Africa with the conquest of Timbuktu and Jenne in 1464.
Bantu
The group of peeps in Africa who traveled from North to South
Group of migrating Africans who moved to south. Spread Agriculture, iron working, language and culture.
Bantu groups migrated to East African coast and interacted with Arab traders, resulting in Swahili city-states for Indian Ocean trade.
African trade and resources
Traded with Silk Road
Mongol army protected Silk Road
Traded swords, sickles, cotton, gunpowder, tea, silk, porcelain
Received exotic woods, stones, tropical goods in return
Paper money was invented
All this = great wealth
Indian Ocean trade system stretched from East African coast to Middle East, India, and Indonesia (Spice Islands) and included ivory, gold, and slaves from Africa traded to the Islamic empires of the Middle East to be used as soldiers, servants and laborers.
Spices, silk, and other Asian goods were traded back to Africa and the Middle East in exchange for their goods.
Africa was rich on gold, they traded their gold with other people and became rich
chinese centralization of government
Had empires or something(dynasties)
One person had a group of 10, and then another was in charge of those 100 and then another 1,000(military)
Tumens
IDEA OF BRINGING POWER TO ONE AREA
Meant one body of government and direct control
Gave all authority to that one body
Worked together towards one goal
United Chinese city states
Han Dynasty - first city states under generals; different governments
Lands rebelled against one another - turned into one government
Han Dynasty relaxed legalism
Under Tang and Song Dynasties developed a strong government bureaucracy
Civil Service Exam led to better leaders; people who knew what they were doing
Confucianism led to a more morally stable government
Mongol Legacy(was it good or bad?)
Known for their large territory
Interregional trade between Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe
Carried bubonic plague(through fleas) from Southern China to the rest of the world
Mongol women were more independent
Wore pants
Fighting techniques led to the end of western Europe’s knights in armor, speed was better
Changed from tunics and robes to pants and jackets\
Very gruesome people
This essay is mostly explaining if you think the Mongols were civilized or not
Look over mongol essay
STUDY MAP
- Ghana
- Mali
- Songhai
- Great Zimbabwe
- Swahili City-States
Mongol Social Structure
Patriarchal and patrilineal
Women had freedom - almost all; fought in battles, influenced decisions
Work divided between genders: kids learned roles from same gendered parent
Meant both parents raised kids evenly
Some women would be stolen from other tribes for marriage
Rare, could cause war
As clans merged, strongest would hold the name
Class: Mongol men, Mongol women, non-Mongolians, Chinese (hated)
Conquered many nations: Russia, Middle East, China, etc
