Chapter 10- Sodbusters Flashcards
Homestead act
1862 law the provided up to 160 acres of land to settlers who would live on it and farm on it for five years
Land speculator
Someone who buys and sells land, hoping to make a profit, often at great financial risk
Market
An area of economic activity in which people buy and sell goods and services. Markets are where prices are determined
Diversified farming
The practice of producing a variety of crops and livestock on one farm
Grange
In nationwide organization for farmers that supports their economic well-being and their political interests
Cooperative
An organization formed to help its members buy or sell products as a large group in order to get better prices
Regulate
To control or adjust something in order to change how it works
What were new settlers lured by
The promise of abundant, productive, Cheap land
What were the settlers( like were they American, Chinese, etc.)
Canadian, swedes, Norwegians, German, Irish, English
Were the new settlers poor or rich, and how would Minnesota help them
Poor, and in Minnesota they could finally own a home and make a living
What did the settlers believe Minnesota has headed toward
Peace and prosperity
MN was a very good farming country in the south and west, List two ways it was good land
It was flat land, and it had rich soil
What was one thing about the farming country in the south and west MN that was not good
It had a lot of sod in they had to break through it first
What year was The tainter family in
1878
How many acres of land did the tainter family claim?
80 acres
The tainter family began building a home with what and where was it from
With lumber from Canby
Two or false, it took a year for the tainter family to build their house
Make false statements true
Fuss, it only took a few days
The tainter family moved into what kind a house
A cabin/Shanty
What kind of farming did most settlers who just arrived practice first
Subsistence farming
The first year that settlers practiced subsistence farming did they plant a few, or a lot of acres
A few
What kind of crops did the new settlers plant
Potatoes, turnips, corn, and a little wheat for flower
There were how many years of grasshoppers in what year frame
Four years of grasshoppers in the 1870’s
What years were the horrible winters in
1880-1881
What where for ways to get land
Homestead act of 1862, buy it from the railroads, settle on it without permission and eventually buy it, or free land was given to soldiers
People wanted land to sell for profit were called what
Land speculators
Who was the land speculator who lived in Lincoln County
Louis fertile
How many acres did Louis fertile by, and how much money was it worth
He bought 160 acres for eight dollars
How many days after he bought did Louis for sell his 160 acres
10 days
How much money did Louis fertile sell his 160 acres for
$1200
Where are speculators as lucky as Louis fertile was
NO
Give three examples of chores that men had
( have at least three of these)
- heavy field work like planting, plowing, and harvesting
- repaired buildings
- cared for animals
- skilled at lodging, accounting, well digging, and as vet
Give three examples of what women did
(have three of any of these)
- tended children
- Cooked three meals a day
- laundry using a washboard
- House cleaning
- made soap
- mended and made clothes
- preserved fruits/veggies and made butter/cheese
- cared for cows and chickens
- sometimes worked in the fields
Name three things that children did
(Have any three of these)
- Carried firewood
- brought water from well
- weeded the garden and gathered eggs
- brought cows into be milked
- helped in the fields and tended Younger siblings
Part of the farm expansion was to expand beyond what kind of farming
Subsistence farming
Why did people want to expand beyond subsistence farming
So they could grow cash crops to sell and earn income
Why did people plant wheat for the farm expansion
Because it had a reliable market, and the demand for flour was high
And the new way to farm it was no income is prices fell due to what?
Surplus or weather
True or false people vegan diversified farming, make false statements true
True
Who are the people who founded the grange and in what year did they find it in
1867 by Oliver Kelly and six others
What were three purposes of the grange
To share concerns about farming, to learn new farming techniques, and to enjoy each other’s company
What did the farmer in the Grange become active in later on
They became politically active later on to fight the railroad
What were five changes due to the railroad
- obtain lumber at cheaper rates
- goods transported at less cost
- increased building due to obtaining lumber at cheaper rates and goods transported at less cost
- much faster travel, the world seemed closer
- trade/buy and sell. With people farther away
True or false, After a little while the farmers opinions of the railroad began to change
Make false statements true
True
Subsistence farming
The practice of producing enough food to feed one’s own family, but not enough to sell at the market
What was the first export crop to affect the states economy in a big way
Wheat
And growing in southeast Minnesota, where was one place in was near
Rivers- they transported the product to markets
Waterfalls powered mills to make what
Flour
Give two reasons why King Wheat moved to the West/Northeast
- due to the railroad expansion
- Red river valley soil was very fertile
How many years did the population grow
20
The population to grow from in Minnesota
720,000 to 780,000
Give three examples How did Minnesotas population grew
- it attracted immigrants
- carried settlers in goods westward
- railroads had own recruiters
The railroad got millions of acres from who and where
They got millions of acres from the government and they got it in the south and West Minnesota
What did the railroad sell and use for income for construction
Some of the railroads that they got from the government
True or false, one way the people attracted the railroads was because a lot of people wanted to be near railroads
True
What were 2 ways to the railroads cheated
- Railroad raised prices on furnishing goods and storing goods
- Railroad inspectors cheated farmers, by saying the grain was worth less than it actually was
True or false the Grangers pressured the state to keep the railroads the same
Make false statements true
False, the Grange farmers pressured the state to regulate, or control, railroads
What year frame did the legislator pass a series of laws
1870s
Name three laws that the legislator passed in the 1870s
- set maximum ticket fares and shipping rates
- created office of railroad commissioners to oversee the railroad
- called Granger laws beginning of regulation
Name two things about James J Hill (not including that he was the most successful railroad Baron, or his nickname)
- he was fierce with immense got to get things done
- some said he was very unfair in business
What year did James J Hill enter the railroad business in
1878
James J Hill completed a rail line between _______and ______in_____
Twin Cities, Winnipeg, Canada
What time frame did James J Hill improve the existing railroad and build more tracks
1880s
The railroad where James J Hill improved and Biltmore tracks on was called what
The great Northern railroad
What are three things that James J hill owned other than railroads
- coal an iron mines
- Waterpower facilities in steamship
- collected fine art
True Or false the more farmers produced the more money James J Hill made
True
Why were cash crops important
People grew crops to sell and make a profit from so that is a way to get money and you money to live so you can buy things or trade.
What are subsistence farming and diversified farming?
Subsistence farming is farming and only producing enough food to feed your family,and maybe trade with neighbors. Most people who farm start with subsistence farming. Some people always just stay with subsistence farming, but some people start farming enough crops to sell at the market. Diversified farming is farming a variety of crops and livestock on one farm. Some people rotate crops when they do diversified farming, so they don’t spoil the soil.
