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Other > Chapter 10- Sodbusters > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Sodbusters Flashcards

1
Q

Homestead act

A

1862 law the provided up to 160 acres of land to settlers who would live on it and farm on it for five years

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2
Q

Land speculator

A

Someone who buys and sells land, hoping to make a profit, often at great financial risk

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3
Q

Market

A

An area of economic activity in which people buy and sell goods and services. Markets are where prices are determined

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4
Q

Diversified farming

A

The practice of producing a variety of crops and livestock on one farm

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5
Q

Grange

A

In nationwide organization for farmers that supports their economic well-being and their political interests

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6
Q

Cooperative

A

An organization formed to help its members buy or sell products as a large group in order to get better prices

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7
Q

Regulate

A

To control or adjust something in order to change how it works

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8
Q

What were new settlers lured by

A

The promise of abundant, productive, Cheap land

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9
Q

What were the settlers( like were they American, Chinese, etc.)

A

Canadian, swedes, Norwegians, German, Irish, English

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10
Q

Were the new settlers poor or rich, and how would Minnesota help them

A

Poor, and in Minnesota they could finally own a home and make a living

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11
Q

What did the settlers believe Minnesota has headed toward

A

Peace and prosperity

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12
Q

MN was a very good farming country in the south and west, List two ways it was good land

A

It was flat land, and it had rich soil

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13
Q

What was one thing about the farming country in the south and west MN that was not good

A

It had a lot of sod in they had to break through it first

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14
Q

What year was The tainter family in

A

1878

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15
Q

How many acres of land did the tainter family claim?

A

80 acres

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16
Q

The tainter family began building a home with what and where was it from

A

With lumber from Canby

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17
Q

Two or false, it took a year for the tainter family to build their house

Make false statements true

A

Fuss, it only took a few days

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18
Q

The tainter family moved into what kind a house

A

A cabin/Shanty

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19
Q

What kind of farming did most settlers who just arrived practice first

A

Subsistence farming

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20
Q

The first year that settlers practiced subsistence farming did they plant a few, or a lot of acres

A

A few

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21
Q

What kind of crops did the new settlers plant

A

Potatoes, turnips, corn, and a little wheat for flower

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22
Q

There were how many years of grasshoppers in what year frame

A

Four years of grasshoppers in the 1870’s

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23
Q

What years were the horrible winters in

A

1880-1881

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24
Q

What where for ways to get land

A

Homestead act of 1862, buy it from the railroads, settle on it without permission and eventually buy it, or free land was given to soldiers

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25
Q

People wanted land to sell for profit were called what

A

Land speculators

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26
Q

Who was the land speculator who lived in Lincoln County

A

Louis fertile

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27
Q

How many acres did Louis fertile by, and how much money was it worth

A

He bought 160 acres for eight dollars

28
Q

How many days after he bought did Louis for sell his 160 acres

A

10 days

29
Q

How much money did Louis fertile sell his 160 acres for

A

$1200

30
Q

Where are speculators as lucky as Louis fertile was

A

NO

31
Q

Give three examples of chores that men had

A

( have at least three of these)

  • heavy field work like planting, plowing, and harvesting
  • repaired buildings
  • cared for animals
  • skilled at lodging, accounting, well digging, and as vet
32
Q

Give three examples of what women did

A

(have three of any of these)

  • tended children
  • Cooked three meals a day
  • laundry using a washboard
  • House cleaning
  • made soap
  • mended and made clothes
  • preserved fruits/veggies and made butter/cheese
  • cared for cows and chickens
  • sometimes worked in the fields
33
Q

Name three things that children did

A

(Have any three of these)

  • Carried firewood
  • brought water from well
  • weeded the garden and gathered eggs
  • brought cows into be milked
  • helped in the fields and tended Younger siblings
34
Q

Part of the farm expansion was to expand beyond what kind of farming

A

Subsistence farming

35
Q

Why did people want to expand beyond subsistence farming

A

So they could grow cash crops to sell and earn income

36
Q

Why did people plant wheat for the farm expansion

A

Because it had a reliable market, and the demand for flour was high

37
Q

And the new way to farm it was no income is prices fell due to what?

A

Surplus or weather

38
Q

True or false people vegan diversified farming, make false statements true

A

True

39
Q

Who are the people who founded the grange and in what year did they find it in

A

1867 by Oliver Kelly and six others

40
Q

What were three purposes of the grange

A

To share concerns about farming, to learn new farming techniques, and to enjoy each other’s company

41
Q

What did the farmer in the Grange become active in later on

A

They became politically active later on to fight the railroad

42
Q

What were five changes due to the railroad

A
  • obtain lumber at cheaper rates
  • goods transported at less cost
  • increased building due to obtaining lumber at cheaper rates and goods transported at less cost
  • much faster travel, the world seemed closer
  • trade/buy and sell. With people farther away
43
Q

True or false, After a little while the farmers opinions of the railroad began to change

Make false statements true

A

True

44
Q

Subsistence farming

A

The practice of producing enough food to feed one’s own family, but not enough to sell at the market

45
Q

What was the first export crop to affect the states economy in a big way

A

Wheat

46
Q

And growing in southeast Minnesota, where was one place in was near

A

Rivers- they transported the product to markets

47
Q

Waterfalls powered mills to make what

A

Flour

48
Q

Give two reasons why King Wheat moved to the West/Northeast

A
  • due to the railroad expansion

- Red river valley soil was very fertile

49
Q

How many years did the population grow

A

20

50
Q

The population to grow from in Minnesota

A

720,000 to 780,000

51
Q

Give three examples How did Minnesotas population grew

A
  • it attracted immigrants
  • carried settlers in goods westward
  • railroads had own recruiters
52
Q

The railroad got millions of acres from who and where

A

They got millions of acres from the government and they got it in the south and West Minnesota

53
Q

What did the railroad sell and use for income for construction

A

Some of the railroads that they got from the government

54
Q

True or false, one way the people attracted the railroads was because a lot of people wanted to be near railroads

A

True

55
Q

What were 2 ways to the railroads cheated

A
  • Railroad raised prices on furnishing goods and storing goods
  • Railroad inspectors cheated farmers, by saying the grain was worth less than it actually was
56
Q

True or false the Grangers pressured the state to keep the railroads the same
Make false statements true

A

False, the Grange farmers pressured the state to regulate, or control, railroads

57
Q

What year frame did the legislator pass a series of laws

A

1870s

58
Q

Name three laws that the legislator passed in the 1870s

A
  • set maximum ticket fares and shipping rates
  • created office of railroad commissioners to oversee the railroad
  • called Granger laws beginning of regulation
59
Q

Name two things about James J Hill (not including that he was the most successful railroad Baron, or his nickname)

A
  • he was fierce with immense got to get things done

- some said he was very unfair in business

60
Q

What year did James J Hill enter the railroad business in

A

1878

61
Q

James J Hill completed a rail line between _______and ______in_____

A

Twin Cities, Winnipeg, Canada

62
Q

What time frame did James J Hill improve the existing railroad and build more tracks

A

1880s

63
Q

The railroad where James J Hill improved and Biltmore tracks on was called what

A

The great Northern railroad

64
Q

What are three things that James J hill owned other than railroads

A
  • coal an iron mines
  • Waterpower facilities in steamship
  • collected fine art
65
Q

True Or false the more farmers produced the more money James J Hill made

A

True

66
Q

Why were cash crops important

A

People grew crops to sell and make a profit from so that is a way to get money and you money to live so you can buy things or trade.

67
Q

What are subsistence farming and diversified farming?

A

Subsistence farming is farming and only producing enough food to feed your family,and maybe trade with neighbors. Most people who farm start with subsistence farming. Some people always just stay with subsistence farming, but some people start farming enough crops to sell at the market. Diversified farming is farming a variety of crops and livestock on one farm. Some people rotate crops when they do diversified farming, so they don’t spoil the soil.

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