social psychology key studies Flashcards
Milgram 1961
+ Wanted to understand why Germans were driven to kill jews
+ Aimed to test obedience
+ 40 american males were asked to play the role of a teacher and shock a student who was a confederate and raise the voltage each time and were prodded on to continue by an experimenter
+ 65% went to max volts
Jerry Burger (2009)
Repeated Milgrams experiment with the use of both female and male participants while also improving several ethical aspects such as giving a clear right to withdraw and removal of anyone experiencing distress
Produced similar results as Milgram with 70% obedience rate
Bickman et al 1974
Dressed as either a milkman, security guard or normal civillian and pointed at someone to throw trash in the bin and found that there was much more obedience with the guard figure than anyone else due to his uniform.
Hofling et al 1966
A confederate doctor instructed 22 nurses to administer a fake patient a higher dosage than allowed amount of medicine and found that 21/22 nurses obeyed.
What variation of milgrams study supports proximity and an autonomic state?
The authority figure was not in the same room as the participant but called through a phone.
The obedience rate was 20%
What variation of milgrams study supports the idea of the agentic state?
A variation of Milgrams study was conducted where instead of the participants themselves, another confederate would administer the shocks, the obedience rate was up to 92.5%.
What variation of milgrams study supports status of location?
Milgrams shock study was either conducted in a prestigious university or a run down office.
The run down office lowered obedience to 47.5%
What did Adorono suggest and how did he measure this?
Adorno suggested that obedience is the results of having an authoritarian personality which is highly obedient, believes in power hierachys and hateful of minorities.
Usually resulting from authoritarian parents
He measured an authoritarian personality through an F-scale
What research supports Adorno?
Elms and Milgram found that more obedient induviduals scored more highly on the F-scale
also, Adorno investigated 2000 american infants and found that those with an authoritarian personality were more prejudice against the minority
Schurz
Failed to find a relationship between locus of control and obedience among Austrian participants but found that internal locus of control took responsibilities for their actions more than external which may be related to social influence
Moscovici , minority influence
Female participants were shown two blue slides but 2 confederates answered green consistently which led to 8% of participants also stating it was green when it was clearly blue demonstrating the power of minority influence
Shute 1973
Conducted research into teenagers and found that internal locus individuals were less likely to conform to peer pressure attitudes towards drugs
Social support Milgram variation
Two confederates refused to obey and the level of obedience decreased form 65% to 10%
Oliner and Oliner
1998 interviewed non-jewish people who had defended jews and disobeyed the rules if Hitler. It was found that these people were more likely to be categorised as having an internal Locus of control.
