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Psych 105 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology

A

The study of the courses and consequences socially.

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2
Q

Ultra-Social groups are characterized by:

A

Large groups, splitting up of tasks, come together for the benefit of all.

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3
Q

Aggression

A

Behaviour whose purpose is to harm another.

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4
Q

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

A

A principle stating that animals aggress only when their goals are thwarted.

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5
Q

Example of Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.

A

Want oil (goal), oil in another country (frustration), invade country to get oil (aggression).

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6
Q

___ feelings and negative ___ lead to increased aggression.

A

Bad, affect.

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7
Q

Young men commit __% of murders and __% of violent crimes.

A

90, 80.

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8
Q

This hormone is correlated with aggression.

A

Testosterone.

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9
Q

___ can provide good and bad examples for aggression.

A

Culture.

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10
Q

Cooperation

A

Behaviour by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit.

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11
Q

Group

A

A collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others.

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12
Q

Deindividualization

A

A phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values.

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13
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

The tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way.

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14
Q

Altruism

A

Behaviour that benefits another without benefitting oneself.

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15
Q

Kin Selection

A

The process by which evolution selects individuals who cooperate with their relatives.

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16
Q

Reciprocal Altruism

A

Behaviour that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future.

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17
Q

Females are more selective with mates for these reasons:

A

Only have limited number of eggs, physical cost, impacts ability to make a living.

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18
Q

Female selectivity decreases with:

A

Access to contraceptives, reproductive rights, financial independence, and communal child rearing styles.

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19
Q

Male selectivity increases with:

A

A long term relationship.

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20
Q

Situational factors in attraction:

A

Proximity and Mere Exposure Effect.

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21
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

The tendency for the liking to increase with the frequency of exposure.

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22
Q

Influence of beauty:

A

More friends, sex, dates, fun, potential attentiveness, social skills.

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23
Q

Characteristics associated with attractiveness

A

Hourglass figure, symmetry, and maturity.

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24
Q

People are attracted to competence with a bit of ___.

A

Incompetence.

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25
Q

Probability of marrying before 40 is __% for males and __% for females.

A

81, 86.

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26
Q

Divorce rates ___ after the first marriage.

A

Increase (50, 67, 73).

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27
Q

Two types of love:

A

Passionate and compassionate.

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28
Q

Passionate Love

A

An experience involves feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction.

29
Q

Compassionate Love

A

An experience that involves affection, trust, and concern for a partner’s well being.

30
Q

Social Exchange

A

The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits.

31
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

How psychology applies to the legal system.

32
Q

Two types of reasoning:

A

Hypothetico-Deductive and Inductive.

33
Q

Two variables in forensic psychology:

A

Violence and justice variable.

34
Q

Social Influence

A

The ability to control another person’s behaviour.

35
Q

3 Suceptabilities in Social Influence:

A

Hedonic Motive, Approcal Motive, Accuracy Motive.

36
Q

Hedonic Motive

A

People are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid experiencing pain (pleasure speaking).

37
Q

Example of how tone can influence people’s behaviour.

A

“Please do not write on walls” vs. “Do not write on walls under any circumstances”.

38
Q

Example of how culture can influence people’s behaviour.

A

American students were less likely to give up their students unless everyone had to, while Latino and Asian students gave up their own but did not force others to.

39
Q

Approval Motive

A

People are motivated to be accepted and to avoid being rejected.

40
Q

Norms

A

A customary standard for behaviour that is widely shared by members of a culture.

41
Q

Normative Influence

A

A phenomenon that occurs when another person’s behaviour provides information about what is appropriate (candy at restaurants).

42
Q

Door-In-The-Face Technique.

A

A strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behaviour. Large ask followed by small ask.

43
Q

Conformity

A

The tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it.

44
Q

What did Line Matching find in 1951?

A

75% of participants conformed to the norm.

45
Q

Obedience

A

The tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do.

46
Q

Milgram’s Obedience Study of 1963

A

Teacher, learner, and experimenter, where 80% of participants shocked learners even as they screamed, and 62% delivered a voltage high enough to kill.

47
Q

Accuracy Motive

A

People are motivated to believe what is right and to avoid believing what is wrong.

48
Q

Attitude

A

An enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event.

49
Q

Belief

A

An enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event.

50
Q

Informational Influence

A

A phenomenon that occurs when another person’s behaviour provides information about what is good or right.

51
Q

Sense of Entitlement: Rich and Poor.

A

Rich people feel more entitled than poor people.

52
Q

Persuasion

A

A phenomenon that occurs when a person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person.

53
Q

Two types of persuasion:

A

Systematic and heuristic.

54
Q

Systematic Persuasion

A

Refers to the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason.

55
Q

Heuristic Persuasion

A

Refers to the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habits or emotion.

56
Q

Consistency

A

People evaluate the accuracy of new beliefs by assessing their consistency with old beliefs.

57
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Refers to an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs.

58
Q

In the turning knobs, the people that were paid less alleviated their ___ ___ by convincing others that they liked the task more than they did.

A

Cognitive dissonance.

59
Q

Social Cognition

A

The process by which people come to understand others.

60
Q

Stereotyping

A

The process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which other belong.

61
Q

Attribution

A

An inference about the cause of a person’s behaviour.

62
Q

Two types of attribution:

A

Situational and dispositional.

63
Q

Situational Attribution

A

Behaviour was caused by some temporary aspect of the situation in which it happened.

64
Q

Dispositional Attribution

A

Behaviour was caused by an individual’s enduring tendency to think, feel, or act in a particular way.

65
Q

Kelley 1967.

A

Covariation Model of Attribution.

66
Q

Three aspects of Covariation Model of Attribution

A

Consensus, Distinctiveness, and Consistency.

67
Q

Correspondence Bias

A

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person’s behaviour was caused by the situation.

68
Q

Actor-Observer Effect

A

Tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviours while making dispositional attributions for the identical behaviour of others.

Psych 105 (30 decks)

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