Developmental Psychology Pt. 1

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

The study of continuity and change across the life span.

Question 2

Number of Sperm in Each Stage of Fertilization

Answer 2

200 million sperm, 200 make it to correct fallopian tube, and one sperm combines with one egg.

Question 3

When an egg and sperm combined…

Answer 3

Zygote.

Question 4

Sperm and egg each carry __ chromosomes.

Answer 4

23.

Question 5

Sperm can carry ___ and ___.

Answer 5

Femald and male.

Question 6

Definition of sex:

Answer 6

Refers to biological status (male, female, intersex).

Question 7

Definition of gender:

Answer 7

Refers to the attitudes, feelings, and behaviours that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex.

Question 8

Definition of gender identity:

Answer 8

Refers to one’s sense of oneself as male, female, or transgender.

Question 9

Defintion of gender expression:

Answer 9

A way in which a person acts to communicate gender within a given culture.

Question 10

3 Stages of Prenatal Development:

Answer 10

Germinal, embryonic, and fetal.

Question 11

Germinal Stage:

Answer 11

The two week period of prenatal development that begins at conception. Zygote begins to divide into trillions of cells, moves down fallopian tube and implants in uterus. Half of zygotes do not make this journey.

Question 12

Embryonic Stage:

Answer 12

The period of prenatal development that lasts from the second week to the eigth. Embryo begins to take on sex of male or female, cells continue to divide, but differentiate. Body parts develop, differences between XX and XY.

Question 13

Fetal Stage:

Answer 13

The period of prenatal development that lasts from the ninth week until birth. Has skeleton and muscles, digestive and respiratory systems, insulating fat, cells in brain develop axons and dendrites. Myelination.

Question 14

Myelination

Answer 14

Formation of a fatty sheath around the axons of the brain cell. Prevents leakage of neural signals that travel along the axon.

Question 15

Brain is developed __ at birth, __ after birth.

Answer 15

25%, 75%.

Question 16

Prenatal environment is affected by ___.

Answer 16

Teratogens.

Question 17

Teratogens

Answer 17

Agents that damage the process of development. Includes lead, tobacco, alcohol.

Question 18

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 18

A developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy. Distinctive facial features, abnormalities, cognitive deficits.

Question 19

Effect of tobacco on infant.

Answer 19

Lowers birth weights, more likely to have perceptual and attentional problems in childhood.

Question 20

A fetus can:

Answer 20

Sense stimulation, learn, hear their mother’s heart beat, gastrointestinal sounds, and voice.

Question 21

Infancy:

Answer 21

The stage of developmentt that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months.

Question 22

Newborn sight at __ feet is equivalent to adult sight at ___ feet.

Answer 22

20, 600.

Question 23

Habituation

Answer 23

As an object is presented again and again, an infant stares less and less. Can follow moving stimuli and distinguish between what they have seen before and what is novel.

Question 24

Motor Development

Answer 24

The emergence of the ability to execute physical action (crawling, reaching, grasping, walking).

Question 25

Reflexes

Answer 25

Specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation.

Question 26

Rooting Reflex

Answer 26

The tendency for infants to move their mouths toward any object that touches their cheek.

Question 27

Sucking Reflex

Answer 27

The tendency to suck any object that enters their moutths.

Question 28

2 Rules of Motor Development:

Answer 28

Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal.

Question 29

Cephalocaudal Rule

Answer 29

Top to bottom, describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequency from head to feet (head, arms, trunks, and legs).

Question 30

Proximodistal Rule.

Answer 30

Inside to outside, describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery (trunks before elboes and knees, before hands and feet).

Question 31

Research on energetic vs. less energetic babies.

Answer 31

Energetic had to learn how to dampen large circular movements and hold their arms rigid, while less energetic had to learn how to lift their arms against gravity and extend their arms forward.