Developmental Psychology Pt. 3 Flashcards
Time period of adolescence (in numbers)?
11-14 to 18-21.
Time period of adolescence (in words)?
Period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity and lasts until the beginning of adulthood.
Puberty
The bodily changes associated with sexual maturity.
Female accelerated growth rate begins at __ and reaches full height by __._ years of age.
10, 15.5.
Male accelerated growth rate begins at __ and reaches full height by __._ years of age.
12, 17.5.
Age of puberty is getting ___.
Younger.
Several factors why the age of puberty is becoming younger.
Environment, improved diet and health, body fat, and stress hormones.
Primary Sex Characteristics
Bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but that are not directly involved in reproduction.
Example of primary sex characteristics:
Genitalia, as well as menstruation and capacity for ejaculation.
Example of secondary sex characteristics:
Growth of hair in the pubic and underarm regions, lowered voice, muscle development, production of estrogen or testosterone.
Cognitive changes in puberty happen in _ waves of ___ ___.
2, synaptic proliferation.
First wave of synaptic proliferation happens…
At 2 years of age; infancy.
Second wave of synaptic proliferation happens…
At 6-13 years of age; learning and language.
Protection of adolescence; the gap between puberty and adulthood used to be ___, but the contemporary gap has ___.
Short, widened.
What was the name of Moffitt’s 1993 study?
Storm and Stress of Adolescence.
What did Moffitt’s study conclude?
Adolescents are denied a place in adult society, and are compelled to do things that demonstrate their adulthood (smoking, drinking, sex, crime). Establish subculture.
Moffitt concluded that adolescent misbehaviour has more to do with the lack of ___, rather than ___. Moody adolescence…
Experience, misbehaviour, largely a myth.
Sexuality
Refers to the capacity for sexual feelings. Interest does not equal activity.
Sexuality is part of a ___.
Continuum. Bisexuality, asexuality, homosexuality, and heterosexuality are just increments.
Asexuality
Refers to a low or absent sexual attraction to anyone or interest in sexual activity. No desire for a romantic partner or child.
Sexual Script
Kissing, fondling, genital contact.
Different cultures, religions, and traditions attempt to control ___ interest and activity.
Sexual.
United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy and tends to focus on ___ rather than ___ ___.
Abstinence, pregnancy prevention.
Sexual Orientation
Refers to the sex of those to whom one is sexually and romantically attracted.
In western societies, everything is measured against ___.
Heterosexism.
Heterosexism
Refers to a system of attitudes, bias, and discrimination in favour of opposite-sex sexuality and relationships.
Heterosexuality
Refers to a romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behaviour between people of opposite sex or gender in the gender binary.
McCreary found that female indigenous lesbian youth were 3 times more likely to be physically assaulted than ___ ___ ___ youth.
Female heterosexual indigenous.
23% of ___ indigenous youth did not feel safe in the classroom, compared to 39% for females and 42% for males that are ___.
Heterosexual, homosexual.
Kosciw found that 60.8% of LGBTQ students felt unsafe attending school because of their ___ ___, and 38.4% felt unsafe because of their ___ ___.
Sexual orientation, gender identity.
Heterosexuals do/don’t make a choice, there is/isn’t a sexual orientation gene.
Don’t, isn’t.
Sexual orientation can ___ over time. Is ___.
Change, fluid. Fluidity is different from choice.
2-10% of adults identify as ___.
Homosexual.
Research is lacking on ___ homosexual experiences.
Female.
Adulthood
The stage of development that begins around 18-21 years of age and ends at death.
__ are the peak of our health- after this…
Early 20’s, muscles turn to fat, skin becomes less elastic, bones weaken, sensory abilities become less acute, and we become infertile.
Deterioration of the ___ ___ leads to decline in memory.
Prefrontal cortex.
Working Memory
Holds information.
Long-Term Memory
Retrive information.
Episodic Memory
Particular past events.
Semantic Memory
General information.
Retrieval
“Go find” information.
Recognition
Decide whether information was encountered before.
Chess players compensate for lost ___ by using ___ ___ and ___.
Memory, cognitive capacity, skill.
Bilateral Asymmetry
Left (verbal information) and right (spatial information) in the prefrontal cortex are asymmetrical.
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory:
Younger adults are generally more oriented towards the acquisition of information that will be useful to them in the future, whereas older adults are generally oriented towards information that brings emotional satisfaction in the present.
Declines in cognitive performance of older adults have less to do with changes in our ___ and more to do with changes in our ___.
Brains, orientations.
Overall happiness ___ with age.
Increases.
