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Psych 105 > Chapter 13 Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology

A

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality.

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2
Q

Aggression

A

Behaviour whose purpose is to harm another.

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3
Q

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

A

A principle stating that animals aggress only when their goals are thwarted.

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4
Q

Most reliable predictor of aggression is ___.

A

Gender.

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5
Q

Variation over time and geography shows that ___ can play a role in aggression.

A

Culture.

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6
Q

Cooperation

A

Behaviour by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit.

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7
Q

Group

A

A collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others.

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8
Q

Prejudice

A

A positive or negative evaluation of another person based on group membership.

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9
Q

Discrimination

A

Positive or negative behaviour toward another person based on their group membership.

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10
Q

The Prisoner’s Dilemma Game

A

Cooperation vs. Noncooperation and punishment.

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11
Q

The Wason Card-Selection Task

A

Ability to detect cheaters that surpasses their capacity for logical reasoning in general.

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12
Q

Ultimatum Game

A

People will pay to punish someone who has treated them unfairly.

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13
Q

Deindividualism

A

A phenomenon that occurs when immersion in agroup causes people to become less aware of their individual values.

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14
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

The tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting in the same way.

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15
Q

Altruism

A

Behaviour that benefits another without benefitting oneself.

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16
Q

Kin Selection

A

The process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives.

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17
Q

Recipricol Altrusim

A

Behaviour that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future.

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18
Q

___ are more reproductively selective than ___.

A

Women, men.

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19
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

The tendency for liking ton icrease with the frequency of exposure.

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20
Q

Three physical factors that may influence attraction:

A

Body shape, symmetry, age.

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21
Q

Passionate Love

A

An experience involving feeligns of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction.

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22
Q

Compassionate Love

A

An experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner’s well being.

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23
Q

Social Exchange

A

The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits.

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24
Q

Comparison Level

A

The cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserce or could attain in another relationship.

25
Q

Social Influence

A

The ability to control another perosn’s behaviour.

26
Q

Equity

A

A state of affairsi n whicih the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equal.

27
Q

Social Influence

A

The ability to control another person’s behaviour.

28
Q

Hedonic Motive

A

People are motivated to experience pleasure, not pain.

29
Q

Approval Motive

A

People are motivated to be accepted, not rejected, by others.

30
Q

Accuracy Motive

A

People are motivated to believe what is right, and avoid believing what is wrong.

31
Q

Norm

A

A customary standard for behaviour that is widely shared by members of a culture.

32
Q

Normative Influence

A

A phenomenon that occurs when another person’s behaviour provides information about what is appropriate.

33
Q

Norm of Reciprocity

A

The unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefitted them.

34
Q

Door-In-The-Face Technique

A

A strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behaviour. Big ask followed by small ask.

35
Q

Asch’s Conformity Study

A

When presented with a set of answers with one clear answer, but when peers answered incorrectly, the participant was 75% likely to conform and pick an incorrrect answer.

36
Q

Obedience

A

The tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do.

37
Q

Milgram’s Obedience Studies

A

People obey commands issued by people in power 80% of the time, even if it means killing someone.

38
Q

Attitude

A

An enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event.

39
Q

Belief

A

An enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event.

40
Q

Informational Influence

A

A phenomenon that occurs when a person’s behaviour provides information about what is good or right.

41
Q

Persuasion

A

A phenomenon that occurs when a person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person.

42
Q

Systematic Persuasion

A

The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason.

43
Q

Heuristic Persuasion

A

The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to emotion or habit.

44
Q

Foot-In-The-Door Technique

A

A technique that involves a small request followed by a larger request.

45
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs.

46
Q

Social Cognition

A

The processes by which people come to understand others.

47
Q

Stereotyping

A

The process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong.

48
Q

Four properties of stereotyping:

A

Inaccurate, overused, self-perpetuating, and automatic.

49
Q

3 reasons stereotypes are self-perpetuating:

A

Perceptual confirmation, self-fulfilling, and subtyping.

50
Q

Perceptual Confirmation

A

A phenomenon that occurs when observers perceive what they expect to perceive.

51
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

The tendency for people to cause what they expect to see.

52
Q

Subtyping

A

The tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them.

53
Q

Attributions

A

Inferences about the causes of peoples behaviours.

54
Q

Situational Attributions

A

When we decide that a person’s behaviour was a result of some temporary aspect of the situation he/she was in.

55
Q

Dispositional Attributions

A

When we decide a person’s behaviour was caused by his or her relatively enduring tendency to think, feel, or act in a particular way.

56
Q

Three aspects of Covariation Model

A

Consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus.

57
Q

Correspondence Bias

A

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person’s behaviour was caused by the situation.

58
Q

Another name for correspondence bias.

A

Fundamental attribution error.

59
Q

Actor-Observer Effect

A

The tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviour while making dispositional attributions for the identical behaviour of others.

Psych 105 (30 decks)

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