Chapter 10 Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to direct one’s thinking, adapt to one’s circumstances, and learn from one’s experiences.
Ratio IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100. William Stern and Lewis Terman.
Deviation IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score of people in the same age group, and then multiplying the quotient by 100.
Natural Intelligence
Measuring aptitude regardless of achievement.
Factor Analysis
A statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors.
Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence
Spearman’s theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of general ability (which he called g) and skills that are specific to the task (which he called s).
Fluid Intelligence
The ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences.
Crystallized Intelligence
The ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience.
Prodigy
A person of normal intelligence who has an extrardinary ability.
Savant
A person of low intelligence who has an extraordinary ability.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to reason about emotions and use emotions to enhance reasoning.
Fraternal (Dizygotic) Twins
Twins who devlelop from two different eggs that are fertilized by two different sperm.
Identical (Monozygotic) Twins
Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.
Heritability Coefficient
A statistic (commonly described as h squared) that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genes.
Shared Environment
Those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household.
