Social Influence studies

Question 1

Kelman

Answer 1

Types of conformity
Compliance- football team
Identification- Army
Internalisation- Religion

Question 2

Eagly 1981

Answer 2

Women conform more readily- focus more on the quality of relationships and take more responsibility for building relationships

Question 3

Tong et al 2008

Answer 3

Mood- people were more likely to conform to wrong maths questions when in a good mood than when in a negative mood

Question 4

Smith

Answer 4

In a collectivist culture conformity rates= 25-58%

Individualistic culture= 14-39%

Question 5

Reicher and Haslam

Answer 5

Remake of Zimbardo prison study-BBC film- 15 men
Tried to establish fair and equal system but this failed and group of prisoners took power- cancelled
Zimbardo said this study was different as people knew they were being filmed

Question 6

Baumrind

Answer 6

Suggests that Milgram expected people to obey

Milgram said he was surprised as when he consulted other psychologists they only predicted 1% would obey

Question 7

Orne and Holland

Answer 7

Criticsed internal validity of Milgram study as they suggested that people believed shocks weren’t real
In interview after 75% confirmed that they thought the shocks were real

Question 8

Sheridan and King

Answer 8

54% men would shock a puppy to 450V

100% women would shock a puppy to 450V

Question 9

Kilham and Man

Answer 9

Cultural differences
27% obedience rate for Australians
62.5% for Americans

Question 10

Hofling

Answer 10

21/22 nurses agreed to give double the dose of a drug they did not know, when asked to do so by Dr Smith over the phone- this went against hospital rules that before medications were given doctors had to sign a document authorising such actions

Question 11

Adorno

Answer 11

Authoritarian Personality- person who holds rigid beliefs, submissive to authority and hostile towards those of a lower status
Measures this by asking individual 30 questions which made up the F scale questionnaire

Question 12

Zilmer

Answer 12

16 Nazi war criminals scored highly on certain portions of the F scale but not all 9 sections

Question 13

Elms and Milgram

Answer 13

Participants in Milgram’s study who were highly obedient were significantly more authoritarian on the F scale than disobedient participants

Question 14

Allen and Levine

Answer 14

Conformity was reduced on a visual task when there was a dissenter- even if this dissenter wore thick glasses and claimed to have a sight problem

Question 15

Spector

Answer 15

Gave Rotter’s LOC scale to 157 American uni students- participants with a high external LOC conformed more readily than those with a high internal LOC- NSI not ISI

Question 16

Moghaddam

Answer 16

Gave LOC scale to Japanese students- they conform more easily than Americans

Question 17

Holland/ Blass

Answer 17

Holland found no correlation between obedience and LOC but Blass reanalysed data- internal LOC were more likely to resists obedience than those with a external LOC

Question 18

Hamilton

Answer 18

Reactance- drugs

Question 19

Conway

Answer 19

Ironic deviance- office workers will conform more if an office worker recommends a product in comparison to if the manager asks officer to recommend a computer program

Question 20

Richardson

Answer 20

Effects of information on newcomers for group decisions
If confederates are believed to be of a high status - conformity rates increased- vice versa
Looks at evaluating 2 stock companies and the effect that was had when the confederates picked the weaker one

Question 21

Martin et al

Answer 21

When participants were encouraged to consider the content of unreasonable order they were less likely to obey- systematic processing

Question 22

Kohlberg

Answer 22

Gave moral dilemmas to people from Milgram’s study finding that those who based decisions on moral principles were less likely to obey

Question 23

Smith et al

Answer 23

Style of thinking- if a person could get a majority to think of something in terms of for and against then the minority became more influential

Question 24

Maas

Answer 24

Homosexual group were less likely to persuade a heterosexual group about homosexual rights- more persuasive coming from a group you can identify with