Outward expressions of emotions Facial expressions, notion, gestures

Face to face interactions Self-soothing (e.g - toothing toys, sucking thumb, comforting object)

Around 7-8 months Fear of unfamiliar people

Starts @ 9 months & peaks at around 12 months Separation from person they are attached to, which can cause stress

40% of children w/ ASD don't talk at all 25-30% of children w/ autism have some words @ 12-18 months of age & then loose them other children may speak but not until later on in their childhood 1 in 68 in U.S have ASD

Impairment in social interaction & repetitive behaviors No language or cognitive deficits Social deficits - not understanding social norms

Social/Emotional Development Flashcards by Jessica Lora

Ethological (Evolutionary, Biological) Perspective

Social development associated w/ built in mechanisms for species survival
gradual adapatation

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Environmental Perspective

• Socialization emphasized – process by which society models beliefs, expectations & behaviors.

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Cognitive Developmental Perspective

• Focuses on how children cognitively represent their relationship with 1 another
• Internal Cognitive models
- mental representations of parent (child)
- used to predict how the other part of dyad will behave based on past behavior & culture

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Vygotsky Perspective

• Focuses on Apprenticeship (learner) relationships, community members & culture.

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Emotional Development

an internal reaction or feeling that is positive or negative
can be expressed (stated, facial response)
can be reflected through readiness for action (heart rate, pulse, sweating)

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Affect

Outward expressions of emotions

* Facial expressions, notion, gestures

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Expressions of emotions: At birth

Distress
Interest
disgust

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Expressions of emotions: 1st 12 months

Smiling (2-3 months)
Laugh (1st 3 months)
Fear response (by 7 months)
self - conscious emotion (12-18 months)

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Social referencing: 8-9 months

• infants tend to refer to parents for guidance when uncertain how to respond to an unfamiliar perrson or object

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Social referencing: by 12 months

use of social referencing to regulate behavior

* socialization/training

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Emotional Regulation

Face to face interactions

* Self-soothing (e.g - toothing toys, sucking thumb, comforting object)

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Stranger anxiety

Around 7-8 months

* Fear of unfamiliar people

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Seperation anxiety

Starts @ 9 months & peaks at around 12 months

* Separation from person they are attached to, which can cause stress

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Preschool, effortful control, delay of gratification

Marshmallow study
Children who were able to wait = higher academic ability & higher social competence, higher executive functioning & showed control.

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Autism

• Severe & pervasive impairment in several areas of development
•3 Components
1. Language
2. Social
3. Repetitive Behaviors

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What is the age of onset for autism?

Usually evident w/ in the first few years of life
symptoms by age 3
Median age diagnosis = 4 -5 years old

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Autism & language

40% of children w/ ASD don’t talk at all
25-30% of children w/ autism have some words @ 12-18 months of age & then loose them
other children may speak but not until later on in their childhood
1 in 68 in U.S have ASD

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Aspergers

Impairment in social interaction & repetitive behaviors
No language or cognitive deficits
Social deficits - not understanding social norms

What is attachment?

A close emotional relationship btwn. 2 persons, characterized by mutual affection & desire to maintain close proximity.

What is phase 1 of attachment according to SCHAFFER & EMERSON?

Birth - 2 months

* Indiscriminate social responsiveness

What is phase 2 of attachment according to SCHAFFER & EMERSON?

2 - 7 months
Discriminate social responsiveness
Look for caregiver

What is phase 3 of attachment according to SCHAFFER & EMERSON?

8 - 24 months
Focused attachment
Wariness of strangers
Seperation protest

What are John Bowlby’s stages of attachment?

Pre-attachment
Attachment in the making
Clear cut attachment
Goal corrected partnership

What is the pre-attachment stage according to Bowlby?

birth - 6 weeks
Sensory preferences
Social smile bring infants close to parents

What is the Attachment in the making stage according to Bowlby?

* 6 weeks - 6 to 8 months * Stranger anxiety * Differentiate people they know & don't know

What is the clear cut attachment stage according to Bowlby?

* 6 to 8 months - 18 months to 2 years | * Separation anxiety – when a person he/she is attached to leaves

What is the goal corrected partnership stage according to Bowlby?

* 18 months + | * create reciprocal relationship w/ mothers

What is the internal working model?

• mental representations of the particular attachment relationships that a child has experienced becomes a model for future relationships

Harlow's monkeys

• found that monkey's preferred a "soft cloth" mother even if that cloth mother did not provide them with any food.

Mary's Ainsworth (1960's) strange situation procedure (8 segments)

1. Introduction 2. Mother - baby 3. Mother - baby - stranger 4. Stranger - baby 5. Mother - baby region 6. Baby alone 7. Stranger re-enters 8. Mother returns (2nd reunion)

Secure attachment

* parent leaves, baby becomes anxious, when parent returns baby is calm again. * strong sense of comfort & security w/ persons

Anxious - avoidant attachment

• child not distressed when mother leaves, comfortable w/ stranger, doesn't rush to great mother when mother returns

Anxious ambivalent/resistant attachment

* reluctant to move away from mother, distress when mother leaves. * When mom returns = wants to approach, but angrily resists when picked up

Disorganized/disoriented attachment

* unpredictable behavior * shows no direct way of dealing w/ attachment * often linked w/ neglect or parental abuse

Father's attachment

* infants are capable of forming more than 1 relationship * fathers more sensitive to boy * by 1st year = father attachment can be as secured as that to the mother

Culture & attachment

* secure infants = 2/3 of the infants in the study * insecure attachment varied * definition of secure attachment varies in culture

ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

What are some symptoms of inattentiveness?

* Symptoms should be present before age 7 * problems with sustaining & maintaining attention * can be managed over time, not treated. * failure to give close attention to detail * difficulty listening * failure to follow instructions * failure to finish work

What are some symptoms of impulsive behaviors?

* fidgeting * leave seat * running around * can't play quietly * difficulty playing quietly * blurting out answers * difficulty waiting for a turn * Interrupting

What is the prevalence rate for ADHD?

* 3-7% | * More boys than girls

What are the subtypes of ADHD?

* Inattention | * Impulsivity – hyperactivity type

What is ADHD?

A neurodevelopmental disorder that is worsened by environmental conditions but not caused by environmental factors

How does ADHD affect functioning in school, peers & with family?

* Interferes with social, academic, or occupational functioning * Associated problems with ADHD include poor school performance and poor social interactions