Physical Development Flashcards
1
Q
Skeleton Development
A
- Soft carliges
- Malleable
- bones begin to grow in density after birth
- Fontanelles (soft spot)
- 2 year gap btwn. skeletal dev. btwn girls & boys by age 12
2
Q
Fontanelles
A
- soft spot
* goes away by age 2
3
Q
Patters of growth
A
- Cephalocaudal pattern
* Proximodistal pattern
4
Q
Cephalocaudal patter growth
A
• growth top-down
5
Q
Proximodistal Pattern
A
•growth starting from the inside and ends out
6
Q
Infancy
A
- Average weight =7.5 pounds
- Average height= 20 inches long
- 4 months= weight doubles
- 12 months weight triples
7
Q
Toddler
A
- Growth slows in the 2nd year
* by age 2 nearly 1/2 of adult height (info seen in arnold gesselle growth chart)
8
Q
Preschool
A
- growth begins to decline
- girls slightly smaller & lighter than boys
- boys have more muscle
- girls have more fatty tissue than boys
9
Q
Factors affecting physical growth
A
- nutrition
- genetics
- physical activity
- neglect
10
Q
Middle & Late childhood (6-11yrs. old)
A
- slow, consistent growth
- muscle mass increase
- body fat decrease
- improved muscle tone & strength
- continue hardening of bones
- most pronounced physical changes
- head circumference, waist & leg length decrease in relation to the body height
11
Q
Failure to thrive
A
- result of emotional neglect
- withdrawn
- weight gain, height, cognitive dev, academic performance & behavior BELOW AVERAGE
