Movement & Motor Development Flashcards
Newborn reflexes are..
- natural
- needed for survival
- Rooting Reflex
- Palmar
- Stepping
- Babinski
- Moro
Rooting Reflex
- turns towards what is touching the face
- needed to eat, e.g breast feeding
- gone at about 4 months
Palmar Reflex
- Grasping response to pressure
- What we think is holding our hands
- gone at about 6 months.
Stepping Reflex
- Mimics motion of walking
* gone at about 3 months
Babinski Reflex
- Stroke bottom of foot & toes will curl
* gone at about 4 months
Moro Reflex
- slightly drop of the head, react with startled look, arms & legs out trying to grasp
- gone at about 3 months
Influences in motor development
- Cepaolcaudal
- Proximodistal
- Cultural influences
Cephalocaudal Direction (top-down)
- hold head up
- roll over
- sit up
- crawling position
- crawling
- pulling up
- cruising walking
Proximidistal Direction
- control of arms
- palmar grasp
- pincer grasp
- tripod grasp (pencil grip)
Theories of motor development
- Maturation
- Experiential
- Interactionist Perspective
Maturation Theory
- Sequential
* Regardless of culture
Experiential Theory
- Through learning experience
- Maturation is sufficient, BUT not enough
- Dennis, 1960 study results: bc of little stimulation did not develop to the rate of a child that was being stimulated
Interactionist Perspective
•Esther Thelen •Motor skills developed through infants effort (have to be active) • Effortful • Motivated (want to do what they see) • Visual Orientation 1. Exploring 2. Selection
Visual Orientation
- Exploring (seeing diff. methods)
2. Selection (select helpful method)
Gross motor (large)
- large muscle movement
* arms, legs
Fine motor (small)
- Small movements
- movements with hands & fingers
- e.g: drawing, writing, eating
Sensation
• 5 senses
Perception
•interpretation of input (form 5 senses)
Visual at birth
- blurry
* detects if lines are straight or curved
Visual at 2-4 months
- Can detect faces
- have preferences for faces over other things
- Preference for mothers face
Visual at 4 months
- 20/20 vision
- able to detect color
- preference for primary colors
Touch
- Responsive to touch at birth
* preference for soft touch
Smell
- Responsive at birth
- Can detect what smells good & bad
- preference to mothers smell after 1 wk.
Taste
- Present at birth
* Preference for sweets
Hearing
- Before birth, 24 wks of gestation
- preference for mothers voice at birth
- preference for music, rythms
Depth Perception; Visual Cliff Study (Gibson & Walk 1960)
- suggests baby is cautious of birth
- fear dev. (@ 7 months)
- Social referencing