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developmental psychology > Research & Evaluation of Scientific Studies of Development > Flashcards

Research & Evaluation of Scientific Studies of Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific Method

A
  • Observations

* Theories

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2
Q

What is a theory?

A
  • Logical system of general concepts that provide framework for organizing & understanding observations
  • Attempt to organize & summarize existing facts
  • Should be TESTABLE
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3
Q

What is a hypotheses?

A
  • Prediction tested in research

* Based on theoretical perspective or observation

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of research?

A
  • Systematic
  • Objectivity
  • Measurebility
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5
Q

Systematic

A

• Have a plan before conducting the research

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6
Q

Objectivity

A

• Researchers work to reduce bias

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7
Q

Measurebility

A
  • Reliability
  • Validity
  • Replicable (other researchers who use the same method should get the same result)
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8
Q

What types of studies can be conducted?

A
  • Descriptive studies
  • Case studies
  • Correlational research
  • Experimental research
  • Quasi-experimental research
  • Cross-sequential research
  • Longitudinal
  • Cross sectional
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9
Q

Descriptive studies

A
  • Description of observations

* In the lab or in the field

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10
Q

Case Studies

A
  • Research involving a single individual, group or family
  • Limited generalizability/external validity
  • USEFUL WHEN THERE IS A LIMITED NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS (ex. phineas gage’s case)
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11
Q

Correlational study

A
  • Widely used in developmental studies
  • examines relationship btwn. 2 or more variables
  • Positive correlation
  • Negative correlation
  • Scatterplots demonstrates degree of correlation
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12
Q

What is the correlation coefficient?

A

-1≤v1

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13
Q

Experimental Research

A
  • Examines cause & effect by manipulating variables

* Systematically change 1 variable to examine the effect on the other (IV & DV)

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14
Q

Quasi-experimental

A

• like experimental, but targeting a group

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15
Q

Longitudinal

A 
• Study of changes overtime
• Disadvantages
- Attrition: ppl dropping out of the study
- outdated mesures
- $
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16
Q

Cross- sectional

A

Examines diff. groups
Cohort
Cross cultural

17
Q

Cohort

A
  • Ppl that were born w/ groups that are starting things together
  • Ex: 90’s babies
18
Q

Methodology: Sampling techniques

A
  • Random
  • Stratified
  • Matched
  • Volunteer
19
Q

Random sampling

A

• Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected

20
Q

Stratified sampling

A
  • Sample proportioned to the population that exists
  • Typically selected based on a common factor
  • Used in large population studies
21
Q

Matched sampling

A
  • Control group matched to experimental group

* Issues related to validity

22
Q

Volunteer

A

• Usually educated females

23
Q

Sampling Issues?

A
  • Representativeness
  • Generalizable
  • History of exclusion (race, ethnicity)
24
Q

What methodologies can be used to collect data?

A
  • Direct observation
  • Lab observation
  • Questionnaires/surveys
  • Standardized test
  • Physiological measures (ex. measuring heart rate)
  • Sources of info.
25
Q

Sections of APA paper

A
  • Intro
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Undue Bias
26
Q

What is in the intro of a APA paper?

A
  • Literature review
  • Background info
  • Theoretical perspective
  • Purpose
  • Intro to study
  • How it will contribute to the field
  • Research Q’s & Hypotheses
27
Q

What is in the methods section of a APA paper?

A
  • Who, what, when, where
  • Study design
  • Participants
  • Consent/Approval
  • Research setting
  • Procedures
  • Measures
28
Q

What is the results section of a APA paper?

A
  • Quantitate or Qualitative
  • Illustration of data
  • THEORIES ARE SUPPORTED, NOT PROVEN
29
Q

What is in the discussion section of a APA paper?

A
  • Summary
  • Integration of results
  • Implications of findings
  • Recommendations (policy, treatment, behavior change)
  • Limitations to the study
  • Future Studies
30
Q

Who approves researchers studies?

A
  • APA
  • Diff. Agencies
  • Society for research & development
  • Society for research on adolescence
  • Institutional review boards
  • Special population studies
31
Q

Ethical Guidelines

A

• No harmful procedures (mentally or physically)
•No undue stress
• Appropriate settings
• Consent from parents
any harm, effect, duration, ALL procedures
• Assent
- child indicate positive response to participation in the study
- study explained
• Incentive
•Deception
- if there is any, must be debriefed as much as possible
• Anonymity
- limit access to institutional records
• Confidentiality
- Identity & data cannot be disclosed

32
Q

Quantitive data

A

Data which can be measured.

33
Q

Qualitative data

A

deals with descriptions

developmental psychology (15 decks)

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