Social Development and Independence: Flashcards
What does independence involve?
Doing things for oneself and making decisions without relying on others. It is closely linked to social and emotional development.
What happens to independence during infancy?
The infant depends on others for care. They will play alone but like a familiar adult to be close by.
What happens to independence during early childhood?
Children develop the necessary skills to become more independent in personal care. They develop likes and dislikes and can make limited decisions.
What happens to independence during adolescence?
They enjoy more freedom and can make independent decisions about lifestyle and education. They take responsibility for their own actions but are influenced by others.
What happens to independence during early adulthood?
They may live with parents but are independent. They make their own decisions about personal life and career. They often spend time forming relationships, marrying, and starting a family.
What happens to independence during middle adulthood?
They become increasingly independent. They have increased freedom with life changes, such as dependent children leaving home or retirement.
What happens to independence during later adulthood?
They continue to make their own decisions. They may have constraints if they rely on others for personal care. Changes in mental and physical capacity may reduce their ability to make decisions and care for themselves.
What factors influence independence?
Stage of emotional development.
Stage of social development.
Physical disability.
Health.
Culture.
What is peer pressure?
It is when a person or group influences an individual to change their behaviour, values, or beliefs to conform to a group.
How does peer pressure affect adolescents?
Adolescents may pressure others to follow their lead on school rules, lifestyle, and behaviours.
What are some negative behaviours due to peer pressure?
Smoking, using alcohol, and drugs.
Truancy.
Bullying.
Vandalising.
Stealing.
Disrespect.
What are some positive behaviours due to peer pressure?
Taking part in sport.
Studying.
Befriending.
Respecting others.
Learning a new skill.
Eating healthy foods.
Keeping safe if taking part in sex.
