Soc 16- The Structure Of Blood Vessels And Heart

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

-take blood away from the heart
-have thick walls and more elastic than veins as carry blood which is at high pressure than veins as carry oxygenated blood
- travel through lumen, can widen to allow blood through to wroking muscles during exercise
- pulmonary vein is different as carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Question 2

Veins

Answer 2

• carry blood into heart
  -thinner walls, less elastic and carry blood at lower pressure
• contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to heart
  -pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

-one cell thick-microscopic vessels
- at one end, oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to muscles
-other end, deoxygenated blood into veins, picking up waste products and taking them sround body to dispose them
- gaseous exchange take place

Question 4

What are valves?

Answer 4

Stop backflow of blood into heart from gravity

Question 5

Immune system meaning

Answer 5

The structures and processes in your body that stop disease

Question 6

Thrombokinase meaning

Answer 6

Substance involved in blod clotting

Question 7

Serotonin

Answer 7

Hormone that triggers the clotting process

Question 8

Plasma

Answer 8

The fluid part of blood

Question 9

Erythorocyte

Answer 9

Red blood cell

Question 10

Haemoglobin

Answer 10

A red protein in the blood that tranpsorts oxygen

Question 11

Anaemia

Answer 11

A condition where there is a lack of red cells or haemoglobin in blood

Question 12

Leukocyte

Answer 12

White blood cell

Question 13

Pathogen

Answer 13

An agent that causes disease such as a virus

Question 14

Antibody

Answer 14

Chemical that destroys a pathogen

Question 15

How does the heart pump blood first phase and what does it do?

Answer 15

Systolic phase-where blood is pumped from both atria into ventricles
-both ventricles contract
-pushing deoxygenated blood to leave right ventricle to lungs via pulmonary artery
Xoxygenated blood in left ventricles leaves via aorta to body

Question 16

How does the heart pump blood second phase and ehat does it do?

Answer 16

Diastolic phase-when heartbis relaxing and refilling with atria in blood

Question 17

Blood pressure

Answer 17

-is a measure of force that your heart uses to pump blood around your body
-higher risk of health problems
-2 blood pressure numbers,1st is systolic,2nd is diastolic

Question 18

Structure of blood components

Answer 18

Red blood cells,white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 19

Importance of red blood cells

Answer 19

Transport oxygen from lungs to the body’s cells and carbon dioxide from cells to lungs
-contain haemoglobin which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 20

Importance of white blood cells

Answer 20

-defence system of the body as they fight infections and kill diseases and viruses
-antibodies fight against i fection and disease
-if athlete has disease or infevtion they might not be able to train

Question 21

Importance of platelets

Answer 21

-formed in bone marrow

Question 22

Importance of plasma

Answer 22

The main role of plasma is to take oxygen, nutrients, hormones,
and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
● Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma
then helps remove this waste from the body