Soc 16- The Structure Of Blood Vessels And Heart Flashcards
Arteries
-take blood away from the heart
-have thick walls and more elastic than veins as carry blood which is at high pressure than veins as carry oxygenated blood
- travel through lumen, can widen to allow blood through to wroking muscles during exercise
- pulmonary vein is different as carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Veins
- carry blood into heart
-thinner walls, less elastic and carry blood at lower pressure - contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to heart
-pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
Capillaries
-one cell thick-microscopic vessels
- at one end, oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to muscles
-other end, deoxygenated blood into veins, picking up waste products and taking them sround body to dispose them
- gaseous exchange take place
What are valves?
Stop backflow of blood into heart from gravity
Immune system meaning
The structures and processes in your body that stop disease
Thrombokinase meaning
Substance involved in blod clotting
Serotonin
Hormone that triggers the clotting process
Plasma
The fluid part of blood
Erythorocyte
Red blood cell
Haemoglobin
A red protein in the blood that tranpsorts oxygen
Anaemia
A condition where there is a lack of red cells or haemoglobin in blood
Leukocyte
White blood cell
Pathogen
An agent that causes disease such as a virus
Antibody
Chemical that destroys a pathogen
How does the heart pump blood first phase and what does it do?
Systolic phase-where blood is pumped from both atria into ventricles
-both ventricles contract
-pushing deoxygenated blood to leave right ventricle to lungs via pulmonary artery
Xoxygenated blood in left ventricles leaves via aorta to body
How does the heart pump blood second phase and ehat does it do?
Diastolic phase-when heartbis relaxing and refilling with atria in blood
Blood pressure
-is a measure of force that your heart uses to pump blood around your body
-higher risk of health problems
-2 blood pressure numbers,1st is systolic,2nd is diastolic
Structure of blood components
Red blood cells,white blood cells, platelets and plasma
Importance of red blood cells
Transport oxygen from lungs to the body’s cells and carbon dioxide from cells to lungs
-contain haemoglobin which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide
Importance of white blood cells
-defence system of the body as they fight infections and kill diseases and viruses
-antibodies fight against i fection and disease
-if athlete has disease or infevtion they might not be able to train
Importance of platelets
-formed in bone marrow
Importance of plasma
The main role of plasma is to take oxygen, nutrients, hormones,
and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
● Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma
then helps remove this waste from the body