Soc 16

Question 1

Immune system:

Answer 1

the structures
and processes in your body that
stop disease.

Question 2

White blood cells or Thrombokinase:

Answer 2

substance
involved in blood clotting.

Question 3

Serotonin:

Answer 3

hormone that triggers
the clotting process.

Question 4

Plasma:

Answer 4

the fluid part of blood.

Question 5

Erythrocyte:

Answer 5

Red blood cell

Question 6

Haemoglobin:

Answer 6

a red protein in
the blood that transports oxygen.

Question 7

Anemia:

Answer 7

a condition where
there is a lack of red cells or
haemoglobin in the blood.

Question 8

Pathogen:

Answer 8

Pathogen: an agent that causes
disease, such as a virus.

Question 9

Antibody:

Answer 9

Antibody: chemical that destroys
a pathogen.

Question 10

How does the heart pump blood?

Answer 10

The heart beats in a ‘lub dub’ rhythm
The first phase is known as the systolic phase
this is where blood is pumped from both atria into the ventricles
(lub)
then both the ventricles contract (dub)
pushing deoxygenated blood to leave the right ventricle to the
lungs via the pulmonary artery Oxygenated blood in the left ventricle leaves via the aorta to the
body
The second phase is known as the diastolic phase
This is when the heart is relaxing and refilling with the atria with
blood

Question 11

Blood pressure

Answer 11

Blood pressure is a measure of the force that your heart uses to pump the blood around your body
● High blood pressure can indicate a higher risk of health problems
● When you have a blood pressure reading you’re given two numbers e.g. 136/95
○ the first number (the higher) is your systolic blood pressure when your heart is pushing blood around the body
○ the second number (the lowest) is the diastolic blood pressure when your heart is relaxing

Question 12

What is the importance of red blood cells?

Answer 12

● Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
● they contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide
● This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require more oxygen when running.

Question 13

What is the importance of white blood cells?

Answer 13

● The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells
● They have an important function as the defence system of the body
● They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
● If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.

Question 14

What is the importance of platelets?

Answer 14

● Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow
● Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop bleeding
● Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound
● When a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell into irregular shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug
● If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop the bleeding

Question 15

What is the importance of plasma?

Answer 15

● The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it
● Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps remove this waste from the body

Question 16

Arteries

Answer 16

● Arteries take blood away from the heart
● Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood
which is at a higher pressure than veins as they carry oxygenated blood
● The channel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more blood through when you so that when you exercise, it can reach the working muscles
● The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs