Soc 15 Structure Of The Heart

Question 1

Cardio respiratory system

Answer 1

the
interaction of the heart and lungs
to supply oxygen to muscles
during exercise.

Question 2

Cardiovascular

Answer 2

To do with the heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 3

Vasodilation

Answer 3

when veins swell
up or dilate; widening of the
internal diameter (lumen) of the
blood vessel to allow increased
blood flow.

Question 4

Vasoconstriction

Answer 4

When veins shrink down; narrowing of internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to decrease blood flow

Question 5

Vascular shunting

Answer 5

Your muscles need more blood for movement and so
move away from the organs to the muscles
• The process is called vascular shunting
• Your heart starts to beat faster and your blood vessels
constrict into order to divert the blood to the muscles
Your reflexes get faster and your muscles may tense up

Question 6

What are the 4 characteristics of arteries

Answer 6

Arteries take blood away from the heart
Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood
which is at a higher pressure than veins as they carry oxygenated blood
The channel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more
blood through when you so that it can reach the working muscles
The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 7

What are the 4 characteristics of veins

Answer 7

Veins carry blood into the heart
Veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a lower
pressure
Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood
from the lungs back to the heart

Question 8

What are the 4 characteristics of capillaries

Answer 8

Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
At one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and
nutrients to the muscles
At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste
products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
Capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 9

Pulmonery artery

Answer 9

From heart to lungs

Question 10

Pulmonery vein

Answer 10

Lungs to heart

Question 11

Vena cava

Answer 11

Blood into heart from body

Question 12

Aorta

Answer 12

O2 blood around body

Question 13

Red blood cells

Answer 13

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon
dioxide from the cells to the lungs
they contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide
This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require
more oxygen when running.

Question 14

White blood cells

Answer 14

The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells
They have an important function as the defence system of the body
They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.

Question 15

Platelets

Answer 15

Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow
Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop bleeding
Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound
When a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell into irregular
shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug
If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop the
bleeding

Question 16

Plasma

Answer 16

The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the
parts of the body that need it
Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps
remove this waste from the body