Smooth Muscle Flashcards
Two (2) Types of Human Muscle System
- Voluntary Muscle
- Involuntary Muscle
Striated Muscle (or Skeletal Muscle)
Voluntary Muscle
Smooth Muscle and Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary Muscle
It is the cell membrane of the muscle fiber.
Sarcolemma
Two (2) Types of Smooth Muscles
- Single-Unit (Visceral)
- Multi-Unit
Found in hollow organs and small blood vessels. Autorhythmic. Gap junctions cause fibers to contract in UNISON.
Single-Unit (Visceral)
Individual fibers with own motor neuron ending. Found in large arteries, large airways and arrector pili. The cells can act and function independently of the others.
Multi-Unit
Most organs that receive autonomic neurons are innervated by both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic division, the phenomenon known as __________.
Dual Innervation
Two (2) Types of Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Central Nervous System
Three (3) Types of Peripheral Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Somatic Nervous System
- Visceral Nervous System
Three (3) Types of Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Enteric Nervous System
Two (2) Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
AKA: Adrenergic “Fight and Flight”
Sympathetic
AKA: Cholinergic “Rest and Digest”
Parasympathetic
It has the property of adjusting in response to stressful situations such as trauma, fear, hypoglycemia, cold or exercise.
Sympathetic
Neurotransmitter of Sympathetic
• Acetylcholine (Pre Ganglia)
• Catecholamine (Post Ganglia)
Receptors of Sympathetic
• Ganglionic: Nicotinic (Nn)
• Post Ganglionic: A, B, and D
It maintains essential bodily functions (digestive processes and elimination of wastes) and is required for life.
Parasympathetic
Neurotransmitter of Parasympathetic
Acetylcholine (Both Pre and Post Ganglia)
Receptors of Parasympathetic
• Ganglionic: Nn
• Post Ganglionic: Nn and Muscarinic
Three (3) Types of Catecholamines
- Norepinephrine (A1 and B1)
- Epinephrine (A1, B1, and B2)
- Methyl Norepinephrine (A2)
Activation: Contraction → Vasoconstriction
Vascular Smooth Muscle
Negative Feedback Effect, Dec. Catecholamine Release
Pre Ganglia
Activation: Contraction of Smooth Muscle → Vasoconstriction
Post Ganglia
