Drugs for Coagulative Disorders (Part 01)

Question 1

A complex process involving multiple steps and many clotting factors. It is also the balance between clot formation and clot breakdown.

Answer 1

Hemostasis

Question 2

Events in Hemostasis

Answer 2

1. Vascular Phase
2. Platelet Phase
3. Coagulation Phase
4. Clot Formation
5. Fibrinolysis

Question 3

Cutting or damaging blood vessels leads to vascular spasm that produces vasoconstriction which will slow or even stop blood flow.

Answer 3

Vascular Phase

Question 4

In larger blood vessels, platelets begin to stick to the surfaces of endothelial cells.

Answer 4

Platelet Phase

Question 5

The overall process involves the formation of the insoluble protein Fibrin from the plasma protein Fibrinogen through the action of the enzyme Thrombin.

Answer 5

Coagulation Phase

Question 6

It forms network of fibers which traps blood cells and platelets forming thrombus or clot.

Answer 6

Fibrin

Question 7

Two (2) Pathways leading to the Formation of the Thrombus

Answer 7

1. Extrinsic Pathway
2. Intrinsic Pathway

Question 8

It inhibits the action of the VIIA-TF complex.

Answer 8

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)

Question 9

It is important in initiating the cascade.

Answer 9

Tissue Factor (TF)

Question 10

Factor I
Factor II
Factor III
Factor IV
Factor V

Answer 10

• Fibrinogen
• Prothrombin
• Tissue Factor, Thromboplastin
• Calcium
• Proaccelerin, Labile Factor

Question 11

It is also known as Proconvertin, Stable Factor

Answer 11

Factor VII

Question 12

It is also known as Antihemophilic Factor

Answer 12

Factor VIII

Question 13

It is also known as Christmas Factor

Answer 13

Factor IX

Question 14

It is also known as Stuart-Power Factor

Answer 14

Factor X

Question 15

Initiated with material outside the blood.

Answer 15

Extrinsic Pathway

Question 16

Initiated by the blood coming in contact with exposed collagen in the blood vessel wall.

Answer 16

Intrinsic Pathway

Question 17

Factor III and Factor VIIA

(Extrinsic Pathway or Intrinsic Pathway)

Answer 17

Extrinsic Pathway

Question 18

Factors VIIIA, Factor IXA, Factor XIA, Calcium, and Phospholipid

(Extrinsic Pathway or Intrinsic Pathway)

Answer 18

Intrinsic Pathway

Question 19

Prothrombinase Complex

Answer 19

Factor VA, Factor X, Calcium, and Phospholipid

Question 20

After 2 or 3 days, the clot begins to contract. Platelets in the clot contain contractile proteins. These proteins pulls the edges of the wound together and reduces the chance of further hemorrhage. This activity also assists the repair processes.

Answer 20

Clot Retraction

Question 21

The dissolution of the clot. This step complete the hemostasis.

Answer 21

Fibrinolysis

Question 22

The breakdown of the clot is due to the production of powerful proteolytic enzyme __________.

Answer 22

Plasmin

Question 23

(T/F): Once the stationary clot forms (thrombus), it often grows smaller as more fibrin is added.

Answer 23

F / Smaller / LARGER

Question 24

A travelling clot is also known as __________.

Answer 24

Embolus

Question 25

A condition in which blood can form clots too easily. Blood clots can be very serious and need to be treated quickly.

Answer 25

Thrombophilia

Question 26

Four (4) Types of Thrombophilia

Answer 26

1. Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APLS) 2. Factor V Leiden 3. Prothrombin Gene Mutation 4. Protein C, D, and ATII Deficiency

Question 27

An autoimmune disease in which the body produces antibodies against certain blood proteins.

Answer 27

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APLS)

Question 28

Abnormal coagulant protein that does not deactivate when it should. It is the most common inherited thrombophilia.

Answer 28

Factor V Leiden

Question 29

The body produces too much prothrombin, the coagulant protein that is also called Factor II.

Answer 29

Prothrombin Gene Mutation

Question 30

People with these inherited deficiency disorders do not produce enough of these proteins.

Answer 30

Protein C, D, and ATII Deficiency

Question 31

Health Problems associated to Thrombophilia

Answer 31

1. Deep Vein Thrombosis 2. Pulmonary Embolism 3. Arterial Thrombosis

Question 32

It forms within deep veins, usually in the legs or pelvis but sometimes in the arms. Symptoms can include swelling or pain in the legs.

Answer 32

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Question 33

A DVT that breaks off and travels to the lungs. A clot that becomes lodged in the lung artery can cause lung damage, organ damage or death.

Answer 33

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 34

A blood clot that forms in an artery. Arterial clots that break apart can damage any of several different organs.

Answer 34

Arterial Thrombosis

Question 35

A consequence of the deficiency in plasma coagulation factors. A rare disorder in which your blood doesn't clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors).

Answer 35

Hemophilia

Question 36

Factor VIII (Classic Hemophilia) Deficiency

Answer 36

Hemophilia A

Question 37

Factor IX (Christmas Disease) Deficiency

Answer 37

Hemophilia B

Question 38

It binds factor VIII, the key clotting protein, and platelets in blood vessel walls, which help forms platelet plug during the clotting process.

Answer 38

Von Willebrand Disease

Question 39

Deficiency of VWF

Answer 39

Type I VWD

Question 40

Produce VW Factor but does not function the way it should.

Answer 40

Type II VWD

Question 41

Total Absence of VWF

Answer 41

Type III VWD

Question 42

It results after the diagnosis of an autoimmune disease, such as lupus, or from heart disease or some types of cancer. It can also occur after taking certain medications.

Answer 42

Acquired VWD

Question 43

The measurement of the intrinsic power of the blood to convert fibrinogen to fibrin.

Answer 43

Coagulation Time Test

Question 44

It measures how quickly your blood clots. Also known as Pro Time Test or PT Test, INR. INR of 1.1 or below is considered normal. An INR range of 2.0 to 3.0 is generally an effective therapeutic range for people taking warfarin.

Answer 44

Prothrombin Time Test

Question 45

It helps to evaluate the person's ability to appropriately form blood clots. It measures the number of seconds it takes for the clot to form in the sample of blood after substances (reagents) are added. (A normal range is around 21 to 35 seconds).

Answer 45

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time